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Fishes
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Advances in Rainbow Trout
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Advances in Rainbow Trout

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 7385

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Changan Wang

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Guest Editor
Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
Interests: aquaculture nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) holds a distinguished position in the realm of freshwater fisheries, aquaculture and ecological research. As a species of paramount importance across the globe, their adaptability and economic value underline their significance in both natural habitats and controlled environments. This Special Issue aims to encapsulate the multifaceted dimensions of rainbow trout research, ranging from genetic enhancements, disease resistance and nutritional advancements to sustainable aquaculture practices. Through a curated selection of cutting-edge research articles, we aspire to shed light on the latest scientific breakthroughs that are setting new frontiers in the study and cultivation of rainbow trout. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview that not only advances the current body of knowledge, but also inspires innovative approaches to address the ongoing challenges faced in rainbow trout research and aquaculture. We welcome contributions that explore novel methodologies, interdisciplinary studies and reviews that forecast the future directions of rainbow trout studies.

Dr. Changan Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rainbow trout
  • genetics
  • aquaculture technique
  • disease resistance
  • environmental adaptability
  • nutritional requirements
  • sustainable practices
  • ecological impact
  • genetic engineering
  • conservation strategies
  • aquatic ecosystems

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 6995 KiB  
Article
Matings Between Individuals with Similar Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Improve Offspring Survival in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
by Cinzia Bergamino, Mattia Tomasoni, Silvia Colussi, Vittoria Montemurro, Ilhan Altinok, Marino Prearo, Charalampos Kotzamanidis, Pier Luigi Acutis, Ana Isabel Vela, Simona Sciuto, Giuseppe Esposito, Donatella Volpatti, Elena Bozzetta, Katia Parati, Lucia Aidos, Lucio Fariano and Benedetto Sicuro
Fishes 2024, 9(11), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110436 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 561
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such [...] Read more.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such as sexual selection and heterozygote advantage have been suggested as explanations for this high variability. In this study, a farmed population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) characterized by the presence of specific MHC class IIB gene haplotypes at a frequency higher (30%) than that expected from random matings was investigated. Therefore, it was hypothesized that disassortative matings occur with an adaptive advantage for females, resulting in improved reproductive performance when mated with individuals with similar MHC haplotypes. Genetic analyses of the breeders were performed to define the MHC haplotypes and to perform specific matings. The effect of mating was evaluated by analyzing the survival rate of the offspring at various stages of incubation until swim-up. The reproductive performance of the offspring derived from specimens with similar haplotypes showed a better survival trend during the first life stages and reduced malformations. The results obtained are in contrast with the heterozygous advantage theory, therefore it was hypothesized, as for other salmonid species, the presence of a positive selection towards locally adapted MHC genes that promotes reproduction between genetically similar individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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16 pages, 1333 KiB  
Article
Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Rainbow Trout–Lettuce Bio-Integrated Culture Systems in Chile
by Christopher Concha, Luz Hurtado, Norma Pérez, German E. Merino and Claudio D. Miranda
Fishes 2024, 9(11), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110432 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 512
Abstract
In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic [...] Read more.
In an aquaponic system, fish and plants are cultivated together in a symbiotic environment where they mutually benefit, using significantly less water than traditional farming methods. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in two aquaponic systems implemented in two Chilean high schools using rainbow trout and lettuce cultures. When water samples (fish tank, biofilter, and plant raft) were analyzed over a three-month period, no resistance to oxytetracycline was detected, whereas the occurrence of resistance to florfenicol was rather small, ranging from 0.01% to 3.1% of bacterial culturable counts. Eighteen isolates were recovered from various sources as representatives of the florfenicol-resistant population, and all of them belonged to the Pseudomonas genus, showing a multi-drug-resistance phenotype and exhibiting simultaneous resistance to 7–13 antimicrobials. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and furazolidone and susceptibility to meropenem, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Five and two isolates carried the amphenicol-resistance-encoding genes floR and cmlA, respectively, whereas no carriage of integrons or the fexA, fexB, pexA, optrA, and cfr genes encoding for florfenicol resistance was detected. Eleven isolates carried plasmids, but only two of them were able to transfer their plasmid content by conjugation. The knowledge of the microbiome associated with aquaponic systems is still scarce, and their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and related genes of these systems must be elucidated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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11 pages, 1690 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Guar Meal Protein Concentrate in Replacement of Conventional Feedstuffs on Productive Performances and Gut Health of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
by Alessandra Roncarati, Livio Galosi, Alessandro Di Cerbo, Martina Quagliardi, Francesco Marchetti, Elisa Fiordelmondo, Francesca Mariotti and Gian Enrico Magi
Fishes 2024, 9(8), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080295 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2615
Abstract
A trial was performed to investigate the effect of a proprietary guar protein concentrate, as a partial replacement of conventional protein sources, on the productive performances and gut health of rainbow trout through the growing phase. A total of 2700 rainbow trout were [...] Read more.
A trial was performed to investigate the effect of a proprietary guar protein concentrate, as a partial replacement of conventional protein sources, on the productive performances and gut health of rainbow trout through the growing phase. A total of 2700 rainbow trout were reared in 3 m3, 12 concrete tanks for 90 days. Three diets were formulated to contain a protein level of 43% and a lipid content of 25.3% by replacing 0% (CD), 5% (D5), and 15% (D15) of conventional protein sources with guar protein concentrate. The final mean weight was similar between D5 and CD, significantly higher than D15. The same trend was observed in weight gain and specific growth rate. The feed conversion rate had the most favourable performances in D5 and CD. Feed palatability was higher in CD and D5 than in D15. Histological intestinal score showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups with the highest values in CD and the lowest in D15. Significant differences were observed for goblet cell hyperplasia with higher values in the CD group. Based on this trial, the 5% guar protein concentrate inclusion gave the best zootechnical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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20 pages, 2243 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Phase I and II Hepatic Microsomal Biotransformation of Phenol in Three Species of Salmonidae: Hydroquinone, Catechol, and Phenylglucuronide Formation
by Richard C. Kolanczyk, Laura E. Solem, Patricia K. Schmieder and James M. McKim III
Fishes 2024, 9(7), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070284 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 773
Abstract
The in vitro biotransformation of phenol at 11 °C was studied using pre-spawn adult rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RBT), brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) (BKT), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (LKT) hepatic microsomal preparations. The incubations were optimized for time, [...] Read more.
The in vitro biotransformation of phenol at 11 °C was studied using pre-spawn adult rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RBT), brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) (BKT), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (LKT) hepatic microsomal preparations. The incubations were optimized for time, cofactor concentration, pH, and microsomal protein concentration. Formation of Phase I ring-hydroxylation and Phase II glucuronidation metabolites was quantified using HPLC with dual-channel electrochemical and UV detection. The biotransformation of phenol over a range of substrate concentrations (1 to 180 mM) was quantified, and the Michaelis–Menten kinetics constants, Km and Vmax, for the formation of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CAT), and phenylglucuronide (PG) were calculated. Species differences were noted in the Km values for Phase I enzyme production of HQ and CAT, with the following rank order of apparent enzyme affinity for substrate: RBT > BKT = LKT. However, no apparent differences in the Km for Phase II metabolism of phenol to PG were detected. Conversely, while there were no apparent differences in Vmax between species for HQ or CAT formation, the apparent maximum capacity for PG formation was significantly less in LKT than that observed for RBT and BKT. These experiments provide a means to quantify metabolic activation and deactivation of xenobiotics in fish, to compare activation and deactivation reactions across species, and to act as a guide for future predictions of new chemical biotransformation pathways and rates in fish. These experiments provided the necessary rate and capacity (Km and Vmax) inputs that are required to parameterize a fish physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model for a reactive chemical that is readily biotransformed, such as phenol. In the future, an extensive database of these rate and capacity parameters on important fish species for selected chemical structures will be needed to allow the effective use of predictive models for reactive, biotransformation chemicals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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12 pages, 4472 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Endogenous Probiotics Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Intestinal Histomorphology of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
by Jing Wang, Dan Fan, Ran Zhao, Tongyan Lu, Shaowu Li and Di Wang
Fishes 2024, 9(6), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060229 - 15 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1349
Abstract
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important commercial fish. Studies have shown that probiotics can promote the healthy growth of fish. In this study, we assessed the impact of an endogenous Bacillus subtilis strain (RT-BS07) on the growth, survival and [...] Read more.
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important commercial fish. Studies have shown that probiotics can promote the healthy growth of fish. In this study, we assessed the impact of an endogenous Bacillus subtilis strain (RT-BS07) on the growth, survival and immunological response of juvenile rainbow trout. Additionally, the morphology of rainbow trout’s intestinal tissue was measured. Control (CT) and experimental groups (B) were fed with conventional and probiotic-supplemented diets (1.0 × 108 CFU per gram) for 42 days, respectively. Following feeding, a challenge experiment was carried out with Aeromonas hydrophila at 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL to determine the experimental fish’s tolerance to the bacteria. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) in group B was 118.2%, which was significantly higher than that in group CT (54.86%) after 42 days. The height of intestinal villi and the number of goblet cells increased in group B, thus increasing the resistance of rainbow trout to pathogenic bacteria. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity (U/mg prot) in the liver, spleen and intestinal tissues of group B was significantly higher than that in the CT group. The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the intestinal tissue of group B was 6-fold higher than that in group CT. Furthermore, the expression of growth hormone-2 (GH-2) in the spleen was 3-fold higher than that in group CT. After 12 days of A. hydrophila injection, the survival rate was 40% and 70% in group CT and group B, respectively. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that the addition of endogenous B. subtilis strain (1.0 × 108 CFU per gram) to the feed can effectively promote the growth of rainbow trout and enhance immunity, which is beneficial to rainbow trout culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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22 pages, 4002 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Growth and Intestinal Health in Triploid Rainbow Trout Fed a Low-Fish-Meal Diet through Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum
by Chang’an Wang, Fangyuan Li, Di Wang, Shaoxia Lu, Shicheng Han, Wei Gu, Haibo Jiang, Zhuang Li and Hongbai Liu
Fishes 2024, 9(5), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050178 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1059
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and intestinal health in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Administered in a 12-week trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds contained different C. butyricum levels [G1 (0), G2 (1.6 × [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and intestinal health in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Administered in a 12-week trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds contained different C. butyricum levels [G1 (0), G2 (1.6 × 106 CFU/g), G3 (1.2 × 107 CFU/g), G4 (1.1 × 108 CFU/g), and G5 (1.3 × 109 CFU/g)]. Significant enhancements in growth performance, including improved feed conversion ratios and specific growth rates in the G4 group, were indicative of enhanced nutrient utilization, corroborated by optimal digestive enzyme activity levels. Antioxidant capabilities were also enhanced in the G4 group, indicated by increased serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels. Gut microbiota analysis indicated a probiotic concentration-dependent modulation of microbial communities, with a marked enrichment in beneficial bacterial phyla like Firmicutes in the G4 group. This microbial shift correlated with significant downregulations in immune-related gene expressions, including interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8), NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α, highlighting an activated immune response. Correspondingly, serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin M contents were significantly elevated in the G4 group. Challenge tests with Aeromonas salmonicida exhibited the higher disease resistance of fish fed the G4 diet. In conclusion, the study shows the potential of dietary C. butyricum, especially at 1.1 × 108 CFU/g, in enhancing the growth, health, and disease resistance of triploid rainbow trout through modulating gut microflora and stimulating immune responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rainbow Trout)
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