International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

6 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Absence of Injury Is Not Absence of Pain: Prevalence of Preseason Musculoskeletal Pain and Associated Factors in Collegiate Soccer and Basketball Student Athletes

by Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye, Jamil R. Neme, Paula Buchanan, Flavio Esposito and Anthony P. Breitbach

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159128 - 26 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

Unlike musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, MSK pain is rarely studied in athletes. In this study, we examined the prevalence of preseason MSK pain in apparently healthy collegiate soccer and basketball players and its relationship with previous injuries (1-year history), among other factors. Ninety-seven eligible [...] Read more.

Unlike musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, MSK pain is rarely studied in athletes. In this study, we examined the prevalence of preseason MSK pain in apparently healthy collegiate soccer and basketball players and its relationship with previous injuries (1-year history), among other factors. Ninety-seven eligible student athletes (mean age: 20.1 (SD: 1.6) years; 43% male; 53% soccer players) completed a baseline questionnaire comprising questions related to demographics, medical and 1-year injury history and any current MSK pain and the corresponding body location. The overall prevalence of preseason MSK pain was 26% (95% CI: 17–36%) and it did not differ by sex or sport. The back (6.2%) and knee (5.2%) regions were reported to be the most frequently affected body parts for preseason MSK pain. Athletes with a previous injury and with perception of incomplete healing had 3.5-fold higher odds (OR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.28–9.36) of baseline MSK pain compared with those without a previous injury. One in four collegiate soccer and basketball players had preseason MSK pain. Collegiate sports medicine professionals should consider conducting routine preseason evaluations of MSK pain in their athletes and initiate appropriate interventions for the prevention of MSK pain and its potential consequences among athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

12 pages, 669 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Neuromuscular Deficits in Movement Pattern among Uninjured Federated Youth Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Cristina Adillón, Montse Gallegos, Silvia Treviño and Isabel Salvat

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4077; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074077 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2246

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to detect neuromuscular deficiencies in static and dynamic tests among federated youth basketball players. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study with 778 basketball players. Specific tests and trials were conducted to evaluate members [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to detect neuromuscular deficiencies in static and dynamic tests among federated youth basketball players. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study with 778 basketball players. Specific tests and trials were conducted to evaluate members of teams from several clubs in male and female from under 12 (U12) to under 17 (U17) categories. The evaluations consisted of static physical measurements and dynamic measurements. (3) Results: 575 players were included in this study. A total of 95% of participants are unable to keep their ankle stable in monopodial loading; 86% present dynamic lower extremity valgus with statistically significant differences between categories (p = 0.004); 94% are unable to keep the pelvis stable when performing a single-leg squat; 93% are unable to keep their trunk stable when performing the same movement. During landing, 96% present dynamic lower extremity valgus. The thighs of 92% do not reach parallel (peak of jump). (4) Conclusions: The most frequent neuromuscular deficits in federated youth basketball players are related to instability, the most frequent being ankle instability, followed by lumbo-pelvic instability, dynamic postural instability and dynamic knee valgus. Deficits in jumping/landing technique are also very frequent in all the items analyzed (jumping, landing and plyometrics). The performed tests, which mostly showed a poor performance by the sample, can be indicative of injury probability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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12 pages, 339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Health-Related Behavior Interventions on Physical Activity-Related Injuries in Junior Middle School Students

by Dongchun Tang, Weicong Cai, Wenda Yang, Shangmin Chen and Liping Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074049 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1548

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on Health-Related Behavior Theory (HRBT) in reducing physical activity-related injuries (PARIs) occurrence and individual risk-taking behaviors, as well as improving PA-related behaviors. A total of 1044 students from [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on Health-Related Behavior Theory (HRBT) in reducing physical activity-related injuries (PARIs) occurrence and individual risk-taking behaviors, as well as improving PA-related behaviors. A total of 1044 students from six junior middle schools in Shantou city were included and divided randomly into an intervention group (n = 550) and a control group (n = 494), respectively. The intervention group followed a prescribed PARIs intervention program based on HRBT, and the control group performed a common health education program, consisting of seven sessions and lasting seven months from May to November 2018. After the intervention, both groups showed a significantly lower prevalence of PARIs (intervention group: from 25.45% to 10.91%, control group: from 29.76% to 11.74%, both p < 0.05), but no significant between-group differences could be observed in the post-intervention PARIs prevalence (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, students in the intervention group had a higher improvement in PA-related behaviors and a lower score of risk-taking behaviors (both p < 0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that the HRBT intervention program had a positive effect on PA-related and risk-taking behaviors in junior middle school students, though its effectiveness in reducing the occurrence of PARIs was not significant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

10 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positional Differences in Physique, Physical Strength, and Lower Extremity Stability in Korean Male Elite High School Basketball Athletes

by Ju-Yong Bae

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063416 - 14 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1837

Abstract

No studies have measured the physical strength and lower extremity stability of elite male high school basketball players. This study aimed to measure the physique, physical strength, and lower extremity stability of such athletes in Korea and analyze the differences according to their [...] Read more.

No studies have measured the physical strength and lower extremity stability of elite male high school basketball players. This study aimed to measure the physique, physical strength, and lower extremity stability of such athletes in Korea and analyze the differences according to their play positions. Overall, 204 male elite basketball players participated and were classified as guard (n = 97), forward (n = 69), and center (n = 38) according to their main playing position. All sub-variables of physique were significantly higher in the forward and center groups than in the guard group, and were significantly higher in the center group than in the forward group. Strength was significantly higher in the forward and center groups than in the guard group. Agility and speed were significantly faster in the guard group than in the forward and center groups. Y-balance analysis showed that the composite score of both feet tended to be higher in the order of center, forward, and guard, and it was significantly higher in the guard group than in the center group. These results could be used as basic data for selecting players, determining positions, and setting specific training goals for players of each position to improve physical strength and prevent injuries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

11 pages, 353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Yeah, I Mean, You’re Going to Handball, so You Want to Use Balls as Much as Possible at Training”: End-Users’ Perspectives of Injury Prevention Training for Youth Handball Players

by Karin Moesch, Sofia Bunke, Jennie Linnéll, Eva M. Brodin, Alex Donaldson and Eva Ageberg

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3402; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063402 - 14 Mar 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3044

Abstract

Young handball players experience high injury rates. Specific injury prevention programs reduce injury rates but are not well implemented into youth players’ training. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ project addresses this challenge. The [...] Read more.

Young handball players experience high injury rates. Specific injury prevention programs reduce injury rates but are not well implemented into youth players’ training. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ project addresses this challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate how youth handball coaches and players experienced the recently developed I-PROTECT GO pilot program, by focusing on barriers and facilitators. Three focus group interviews were conducted with coaches and players, and their answers were analyzed using a general inductive approach. The participants appreciated the program and found it useful for their context. The participants’ statements about facilitators and barriers centered around the categories of resources, exercises, program design, and learning. Facilitators that emerged were motivating exercises (e.g., handball-specific), a helpful set-up (e.g., variation), having a clear purpose of exercises, the possibility to fulfil basic psychological needs while training, receiving instructions and feedback, and having role models. Barriers that emerged were limited space and material, difficulties with exercises, an unhelpful set-up (e.g., too repetitive), and undisciplined training. It is important to address perceived barriers and facilitators among coaches and players when developing injury prevention training programs to enhance the uptake of such training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

10 pages, 1280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trampolining Accidents in an Adult Emergency Department: Analysis of Trampolining Evolution Regarding Severity and Occurrence of Injuries

by Nora Sasse, Mairi Ziaka, Lara Brockhus, Martin Müller, Artistomenis K. Exadaktylos and Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031212 - 22 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2491

Abstract

Purpose: Only a few studies have been conducted on trampoline-associated injuries in adults, especially in Switzerland. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of trampoline-related injuries in patients older than 16 years of age and track their development over [...] Read more.

Purpose: Only a few studies have been conducted on trampoline-associated injuries in adults, especially in Switzerland. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of trampoline-related injuries in patients older than 16 years of age and track their development over time by comparing two different time periods. Methods and Materials: Data were gathered from the emergency department (ED) of Bern University Hospital. A retrospective design was chosen to allow analysis of changes in trampolining accidents between 2003–2020. Results: A total of 144 patients were enrolled. The number of ED presentations due to trampoline-related injury rose significantly over time. The most common injuries were sprains to the extremities (age group 31–62: 58.4% and age group 16–30: 50.8%), followed by fractures (age group 31–62: 33.3% and age group 16–30: 32.5%). Lower extremities appeared to be the most frequently injured body region (age group 31–62: 20.8% and age group 16–30: 10.0%), although the differences were not statistically significant, p = 0.363. BMI was significantly higher for older than for younger patients (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Over the last two decades, trampoline-related injuries have become more common in patients older than 16 years of age. These are most common in the lower extremities. While most of the patients in the present study only suffered minor injuries, the occasional severe injury might result in long-term disability. As trampoline-related injuries in adults are becoming more common, prevention strategies in public education and safety instructions must be optimised. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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12 pages, 1368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adherence to an Injury Prevention Warm-Up Program in Children’s Soccer—A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

by Matias Hilska, Mari Leppänen, Tommi Vasankari, Sari Aaltonen, Jani Raitanen, Anu M. Räisänen, Kathrin Steffen, Hannele Forsman, Niilo Konttinen, Urho M. Kujala and Kati Pasanen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13134; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413134 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3779

Abstract

This study examined the impact of high adherence to a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the risk of lower extremity (LE) injuries in children’s soccer. Twenty U11–U14 youth clubs (n = 92 teams, 1409 players) were randomized into intervention (n = [...] Read more.

This study examined the impact of high adherence to a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the risk of lower extremity (LE) injuries in children’s soccer. Twenty U11–U14 youth clubs (n = 92 teams, 1409 players) were randomized into intervention (n = 44 teams) and control (n = 48 teams) groups. The intervention group was advised to perform an NMT warm-up 2 to 3 times a week for 20 weeks. Team adherence, injuries, and exposure were registered throughout the follow-up. Primary outcomes were the incidence of soccer-related acute LE injuries and the prevalence of overuse LE injuries. Intervention teams conducted mean 1.7 (SD 1.0) NMT warm-ups weekly through follow-up. The seasonal trend for adherence declined significantly by −1.9% (95% CI −0.8% to −3.1%) a week. There was no difference in the incidence of acute injuries nor the prevalence of overuse LE injuries in high team adherence group (n = 17 teams) compared to controls. However, the risk for acute noncontact LE injuries was 31% lower in the high team adherence group compared to controls (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.97). In an efficacy analysis (n = 7 teams), there was a significant reduction of 47% in the rate of noncontact LE injuries (IRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97). In conclusion, teams conducted NMT warm-up sessions regularly, but with a declining trend. A greater protective effect was seen in teams with the highest adherence to the NMT warm-up. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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13 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reporting of Concussion Symptoms by a Nationwide Survey of United States Parents of Middle School Children

by Zachary Y. Kerr, Brittany M. Ingram, Christine E. Callahan, Aliza K. Nedimyer, Avinash Chandran, Melissa K. Kossman, Julia Hoang, Paula Gildner and Johna K. Register-Mihalik

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12070; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212070 - 17 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1834

Abstract

This cross-sectional study assessed concussion symptom knowledge of parents of middle school (MS) children (aged 10–15 years) through a free-response item that solicited concussion symptoms and compared findings to a pre-validated scale-based measure. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to a panel of [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study assessed concussion symptom knowledge of parents of middle school (MS) children (aged 10–15 years) through a free-response item that solicited concussion symptoms and compared findings to a pre-validated scale-based measure. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to a panel of randomly selected United States residents who were recruited by a third-party company, aged ≥ 18 years, and identified as parents of MS children. Via a free-response item, parents listed what they believed were concussion symptoms. Multiple sections later, parents identified potential concussion symptoms via a scale measure, which featured 25 items (22 actual symptoms, three distractor symptoms) with three response options: yes, no, maybe. Free-response item responses were coded into specific symptoms. The 1062 eligible parents that provided complete data commonly identified the symptoms of dizziness (90.2%), blurred vision (87.4%), and balance problems (86.4%) on the scale-based measure. However, these and other symptoms were less commonly identified via the free-response item (dizziness: 44.4%; blurred vision: 16.5%; balance problems: 3.5%). Concussion symptoms commonly reported via the scale-based measure were reported less frequently within the free-response item. Future research must explore strategies to help clinicians working with parents and their children to measure and assess concussion symptom reporting and knowledge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

14 pages, 4192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Burden and Risk Factors of Patellar and Achilles Tendinopathy in Youth Basketball: A Cohort Study

by Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye, Luz Palacios-Derflingher, Kati Pasanen, Tate HubkaRao, Preston Wiley and Carolyn A. Emery

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189480 - 8 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3225

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the burden and risk factors of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy among youth basketball players. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathy were prospectively monitored in 515 eligible male and female youth basketball players (11–18 years) through a competitive season. Overall, the [...] Read more.

This study aimed at evaluating the burden and risk factors of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy among youth basketball players. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathy were prospectively monitored in 515 eligible male and female youth basketball players (11–18 years) through a competitive season. Overall, the season prevalence of patellar tendinopathy was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.7–22.7%), 23.2% (95% CI: 18.6–28.2%) in males and 12.5% (95% CI: 8.3–17.9%) in females. The season prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.7–6.4%), 4.1% (95% CI: 2.2–7.0%) in males and 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1–8.4%) in females. Median proportion of symptoms duration was 83% of average total weeks of basketball exposure for patellar tendinopathy and 75% for Achilles tendinopathy. Median time to patellar tendinopathy onset was 8 weeks for male players and 6 weeks for female players. Higher odds of patellar tendinopathy risk were seen in males (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.10–4.69) and players with previous anterior knee pain had significantly elevated odds (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 4.58–16.89). The burden and risk of patellar tendinopathy is high among competitive youth basketball players. Risk factors include sex and previous anterior knee pain. These findings provide directions for practice and future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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13 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sagittal Integral Morphotype of Competitive Amateur Athletes and Its Potential Relation with Recurrent Low Back Pain

by Antonio Cejudo, Josep María Centenera-Centenera and Fernando Santonja-Medina

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168262 - 4 Aug 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2030

Abstract

Athletes have higher thoracic and lumbar curvature in standing than the reference values of the non-athletic population. The sagittal integral morphotype method (SIM) assessment has not previously been applied to competitive amateur athletes (CAA). The propose of the present study was to determine [...] Read more.

Athletes have higher thoracic and lumbar curvature in standing than the reference values of the non-athletic population. The sagittal integral morphotype method (SIM) assessment has not previously been applied to competitive amateur athletes (CAA). The propose of the present study was to determine the SIM of CAA treated at a sports-medicine center and to identify spinal misalignments associated with recurrent low back pain (LBP). An observational analysis was developed to describe the SIM in 94 CAA. The thoracic and lumbar curvatures of the CAA were measured in standing, sitting, and trunk forward flexion. Association analysis (Pearson’s chi-square and Cramér’s V tests) was then performed to identify the SIM misalignments associated with LBP. Effect size was analyzed based on Hedges’ g. The most common thoracic SIMs in CAA were total hyperkyphosis (male = 59.02%; female = 42.42%) and static hyperkyphosis (male = 11.48%; female = 6.06%). Hyperlordotic attitude (female = 30.30%; male = 4.92%), static-functional hyperkyphosis (male = 16.39%; female = 3.03%), and structured hyperlordosis (female = 21.21%; male = 1.64%) were the most common lumbar SIMs. Hyperlordotic attitude, static functional lumbar hyperkyphosis, and structured hyperlordosis were associated with LBP in male and female athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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0 pages, 653 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Reality Check 2: The Cost-Effectiveness of Policy Disallowing Body Checking in Non-Elite 13- to 14-Year-Old Ice Hockey Players

by Gillian R. Currie, Raymond Lee, Luz Palacios-Derflingher, Brent Hagel, Amanda M. Black, Shelina Babul, Martin Mrazik, Deborah A. Marshall and Carolyn A. Emery

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6322; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126322 - 11 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2311 | Correction

Abstract

Sport-related injuries are the leading cause of injury in youth and are costly to the healthcare system. When body checking is disallowed in non-elite levels of Bantam (ages 13–14 years) ice hockey, the injury rate is reduced, however the impact on costs is [...] Read more.

Sport-related injuries are the leading cause of injury in youth and are costly to the healthcare system. When body checking is disallowed in non-elite levels of Bantam (ages 13–14 years) ice hockey, the injury rate is reduced, however the impact on costs is unknown. This study compared rates of game injuries and costs among non-elite Bantam ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to those that did not. Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted alongside a prospective cohort study comparing 608 players from leagues where body checking was allowed in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014–2015, Edmonton 2015–2016) with 396 players from leagues where it was not allowed in games (Vancouver, Kelowna 2014–2015, Calgary in 2015–2016). The effectiveness measure was the rate of game injuries per 1000 player-hours. Costs were estimated based on associated healthcare use within the publicly funded healthcare system as well as privately paid healthcare costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrapping. Results: Disallowing body checking reduced the rate of injuries by 3.02 per 1000 player hours (95% CI −4.01, −1.35) and reduced public and total healthcare system costs by $ 1084 (95% CI $ −1716, $ −416) and $ 1100 (95% CI $ −1804, $ −346 per 1000 player-hours, respectively. These findings were robust in over 99% of iterations in sensitivity analyses in the public healthcare and the total healthcare system perspectives. There was no statistically significant difference in privately paid healthcare costs ($ −46 per 1000 player hours (95% CI $ −156, $ 70)). Interpretation: Disallowing body checking in non-elite 13–14-year-old ice hockey nationally would prevent injuries and reduce public healthcare costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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11 pages, 705 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Utilising a Behaviour Change Model to Improve Implementation of the Activate Injury Prevention Exercise Programme in Schoolboy Rugby Union

by Craig Barden, Keith A. Stokes and Carly D. McKay

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5681; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115681 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3589

Abstract

The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a behaviour change model showing promise in positively changing youth sport coaches’ injury prevention behaviours. This study incorporated the HAPA model into coach training workshops for Activate, an efficacious rugby injury prevention programme. Primary aims [...] Read more.

The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a behaviour change model showing promise in positively changing youth sport coaches’ injury prevention behaviours. This study incorporated the HAPA model into coach training workshops for Activate, an efficacious rugby injury prevention programme. Primary aims were to investigate the effect of the workshop on schoolboy rugby union coaches’ (1) perceptions towards injury risk and prevention, (2) Activate adoption and adherence. Secondary aims were to (3) assess the differences in post-season HAPA constructs between workshop attendees and non-attendees, (4) explore associations between HAPA constructs and Activate adherence. In the pre-season, all participants (n = 76) completed a baseline survey, with 41 coaches electing to attend a workshop. Participants completed a post-season survey assessing HAPA constructs and Activate adoption and adherence throughout the season. The workshop did not affect coach perceptions of injury risk and prevention. Attendees had significantly greater rates of Activate adoption (95% vs. 54% χ² = 17.42, p < 0.01) and adherence (median = 2 sessions vs. ≤1 session per week; z = 3.45, p = 0.03) than non-attendees. At post-season, attendees had significantly greater task self-efficacy (z = −3.46, p < 0.05) and intention (z = −4.33, p < 0.05) to use Activate. These results support the delivery of coach workshops that utilise a behaviour change model to maximise programme implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

26 pages, 859 KiB

Open AccessReview

Screening Tests for Assessing Athletes at Risk of ACL Injury or Reinjury—A Scoping Review

by Noah Schweizer, Gerda Strutzenberger, Martino V. Franchi, Mazda Farshad, Johannes Scherr and Jörg Spörri

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2864; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052864 - 1 Mar 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5275

Abstract

Various tests are available to assess athletes for factors associated with their susceptibility and risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or reinjury; however, it is unclear which tests are clinically meaningful and what should be considered when using them. Therefore, the aim [...] Read more.

Various tests are available to assess athletes for factors associated with their susceptibility and risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or reinjury; however, it is unclear which tests are clinically meaningful and what should be considered when using them. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to screen and summarize testing and to derive evidence-based recommendations for clinicians, practitioners and future research. Five databases were searched to identify studies addressing musculoskeletal morphology or functional-performance-related screening tests with a clear conceptual link or an evidence-based relationship to ACL (re)injury. A quality rating was carried out using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Study-Quality Assessment Tool. Six different categories of common screening tests were identified: balance and postural control, gait- and running-related tests, joint laxity, joint morphology and anthropometrics, jump tests and strength tests. Predicting future injury in a complex, dynamic system based on a single screening test is methodologically challenging, which is also reflected in the highly controversial findings in the literature regarding potential associations between specific screening tests and the occurrence of ACL injuries and reinjuries. Nonetheless, various screening tests can provide clinically relevant information on ACL-(re)injury-related factors and help to provide tailored preventive measures. A selection of corresponding evidence-based recommendations is derived and presented in this scoping review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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11 pages, 1728 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is Hip Muscle Strength Associated with Dynamic Knee Valgus in a Healthy Adult Population? A Systematic Review

by Ali Mohammed Alzahrani, Msaad Alzhrani, Saeed Nasser Alshahrani, Wael Alghamdi, Mazen Alqahtani and Hosam Alzahrani

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147669 - 19 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5068

Abstract

This study aimed to systematically review research investigating the association between hip muscle strength and dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Four databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for journal articles published from inception to October 2020. Seven studies investigating the association between [...] Read more.

This study aimed to systematically review research investigating the association between hip muscle strength and dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Four databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for journal articles published from inception to October 2020. Seven studies investigating the association between hip muscle strength and DKV using a two-dimensional motion analysis system in healthy adults were included. The relationship between hip abductor muscle strength and DKV was negatively correlated in two studies, positively correlated in two studies, and not correlated in three studies. The DKV was associated with reduced hip extensor muscle strength in two studies and reduced hip external rotator muscle strength in two studies, while no correlation was found in three and five studies for each muscle group, respectively. The relationship between hip muscle strength, including abductors, extensors, and external rotators and DKV is conflicting. Considering the current literature limitations and variable methodological approaches used among studies, the clinical relevance of such findings should be interpreted cautiously. Therefore, future studies are recommended to measure the eccentric strength of hip muscles, resembling muscular movement during landing. Furthermore, high-demand and sufficiently challenging functional tasks revealing lower limb kinematic differences, such as cutting and jumping tasks, are recommended for measuring the DKV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Currie et al. Reality Check 2: The Cost-Effectiveness of Policy Disallowing Body Checking in Non-Elite 13- to 14-Year-Old Ice Hockey Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6322

by Gillian R. Currie, Raymond Lee, Luz Palacios-Derflingher, Brent Hagel, Amanda M. Black, Shelina Babul, Martin Mrazik, Deborah A. Marshall and Carolyn A. Emery

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(3), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030269 - 27 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1107

Abstract

There was an error in our original publication [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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29 pages, 2939 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Prevention of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Youth Female Athletes: An Umbrella Review

by Anmol T. Mattu, Brianna Ghali, Vanessa Linton, Alex Zheng and Ian Pike

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084648 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6821

Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for a large percentage of knee injuries, disproportionately affecting female athletes. To help health professionals stay current, we performed an umbrella review to evaluate the effectiveness of ACL injury prevention programs in reducing non-contact ACL injury rates, [...] Read more.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for a large percentage of knee injuries, disproportionately affecting female athletes. To help health professionals stay current, we performed an umbrella review to evaluate the effectiveness of ACL injury prevention programs in reducing non-contact ACL injury rates, determine the effective components within interventions, and provide clinical recommendations. Twelve databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PEDro, Web of Science Core Collection, Epistemonikos, TRIP, BC Guidelines and Protocols, CPG Infobase, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) were searched in May 2021 to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Four databases were searched again in September 2021 to identify recent primary literature. Non-contact ACL injury data were extracted to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and these were combined using an inverse variance random-effects model. A qualitative assessment of included reviews was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) or Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Sixteen reviews and two primary studies met the inclusion criteria. Across 11 primary studies, prevention programs were effective in reducing non-contact ACL injuries by 64% (IRR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18–0.70)). A multi-faceted exercise program, beginning in the pre-season and containing at least three exercise types, may be beneficial in reducing ACL injury risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Injury Prevention in Sport)

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