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Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation
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Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 8322

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrey А. Buglak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Physics, St. Peterburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
2. Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
Interests: photochemistry; molecur biophysics; photosensitization; pterins; aromatic amino acids; metal nanoclusters; density functional theory; QSAR/QSPR

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photolysis is a chemical process that occurs when molecules absorb photons and degrade into smaller units. This Special Issue aims to cover the photodissociation/photofragmention topic for biomolecular and non-biomolecular systems. A particular example of such a bioprocess is the photolysis of water during photosynthesis, the biophotolysis production of hydogen, etc. Another important point is the photosensitized degradation of chemical substances which do not absorb light themselves, but become subjected to photolytic degradation. Photodegradation is a process associated with the turnover of colored photolabile compounds in ecosystems. For this reason, the photodegradation of chemical compounds and its effect on the environment are explored in this Special Issue, particularly the photodegrdation of drug substances and their negative effect on organism. The process of photolysis is not restricted to visible light only, but may occur under ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, as well as infrared multiphoton irradiation. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcomed to be published in the Special Issue.

Dr. Andrey А. Buglak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • indirect photolysis
  • photosensitized oxidation
  • biophotolysis
  • photodissociation
  • photofragmentation
  • ultraviolet radiation
  • photoactive drugs

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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7 pages, 1922 KiB  
Communication
Far-Ultraviolet Light at 222 nm Affects Membrane Integrity in Monolayered DLD1 Colon Cancer Cells
by Jun Nishikawa, Yuta Tamura, Tomohiro Fujii, Soichiro Fukuda, Shoma Yoneda, Nanami Yamaura, Shinichi Takahashi, Takeshi Yamamoto, Junzo Nojima, Yutaka Suehiro, Takahiro Yamasaki and Taro Takami
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7051; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137051 - 27 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1180
Abstract
222 nm far-ultraviolet (F-UV) light has a bactericidal effect similar to deep-ultraviolet (D-UV) light of about a 260 nm wavelength. The cytotoxic effect of 222 nm F-UV has not been fully investigated. DLD-1 cells were cultured in a monolayer and irradiated with 222 [...] Read more.
222 nm far-ultraviolet (F-UV) light has a bactericidal effect similar to deep-ultraviolet (D-UV) light of about a 260 nm wavelength. The cytotoxic effect of 222 nm F-UV has not been fully investigated. DLD-1 cells were cultured in a monolayer and irradiated with 222 nm F-UV or 254 nm D-UV. The cytotoxicity of the two different wavelengths of UV light was compared. Changes in cell morphology after F-UV irradiation were observed by time-lapse imaging. Differences in the staining images of DNA-binding agents Syto9 and propidium iodide (PI) and the amount of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) were examined after UV irradiation. F-UV was cytotoxic to the monolayer culture of DLD-1 cells in a radiant energy-dependent manner. When radiant energy was set to 30 mJ/cm2, F-UV and D-UV showed comparable cytotoxicity. DLD-1 cells began to expand immediately after 222 nm F-UV light irradiation, and many cells incorporated PI; in contrast, PI uptake was at a low level after D-UV irradiation. The amount of CPD, an indicator of DNA damage, was higher in cells irradiated with D-UV than in cells irradiated with F-UV. This study proved that D-UV induced apoptosis from DNA damage, whereas F-UV affected membrane integrity in monolayer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation)
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14 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
Photodegradation of a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Azithromycin Using H2O2 under Ultraviolet Irradiation
by Nasser Ibrahim Zouli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126702 - 18 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
The photodegradation of azithromycin present was carried out in water using H2O2 under UV irradiation. The reaction variables considered in this study were the amount of H2O2 solution and the initial concentration of azithromycin to evaluate the [...] Read more.
The photodegradation of azithromycin present was carried out in water using H2O2 under UV irradiation. The reaction variables considered in this study were the amount of H2O2 solution and the initial concentration of azithromycin to evaluate the performance of the photodegradation process. The azithromycin degradation was not observed in the dark during stirring for 20 min. The study showed an efficient photodegradation of azithromycin using H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of UV irradiation. The azithromycin degradation was altered significantly by the pH of the irradiated solution. The degradation was low at an acidic pH and showed an increasing trend as the pH changed to basic. The azithromycin degradation increased with a higher amount (higher concentration) of H2O2. The degradation of azithromycin decreased with a higher concentration of azithromycin in the reacting solution. The highest degradation of AZT was achieved in 1 h using a 1.0 ppm AZT solution containing 3 mL of H2O2. The experimental data obtained were well-fitted to zero-order reaction kinetics. The results of this study were found quite excellent. They showed 100% degradation in 1 h when compared with those reported in the literature, both with photocatalysis using nanomaterials and photolysis using light irradiation and/or H2O2. The UV/H2O2 system was found to be quite efficient for the photodegradation of azithromycin, and this system can be applied to degrade other organic pollutants present in industrial wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation)
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15 pages, 2855 KiB  
Article
Hydrophilicity and Pore Structure Enhancement in Polyurethane/Silk Protein–Bismuth Halide Oxide Composite Films for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye
by Lingxi Meng, Jian Jian, Dexing Yang, Yixiao Dan, Weijie Sun, Qiuhong Ai, Yusheng Zhang and Hu Zhou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126653 - 17 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
Polyurethane/silk protein–bismuth halide oxide composite films were fabricated using a blending-wet phase transformationin situsynthesis method. The crystal structure, micromorphology, and optical properties were conducted using XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis DRS characterize techniques. The results indicated that loaded silk protein enhanced the hydrophilicity and [...] Read more.
Polyurethane/silk protein–bismuth halide oxide composite films were fabricated using a blending-wet phase transformationin situsynthesis method. The crystal structure, micromorphology, and optical properties were conducted using XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis DRS characterize techniques. The results indicated that loaded silk protein enhanced the hydrophilicity and pore structure of the polyurethane composite films. The active species BiOX were observed to grow as nanosheets with high dispersion on the internal skeleton and silk protein surface of the polyurethane–silk protein film. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiOX/PU-SF composite films was assessed through the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Among the tested films, the BiOBr/PU-SF composite exhibited the highest removal rate of RhB at 98.9%, surpassing the removal rates of 93.7% for the BiOCl/PU-SF composite and 85.6% for the BiOI/PU-SF composite. Furthermore, an active species capture test indicated that superoxide radical (•O2−) and hole (h+) species played a predominant role in the photodegradation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation)
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18 pages, 2691 KiB  
Article
Tetrahydrobiopterin as a Trigger for Vitiligo: Phototransformation during UV Irradiation
by Taisiya A. Telegina, Yuliya L. Vechtomova, Vera A. Borzova and Andrey A. Buglak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13586; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713586 - 1 Sep 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1743
Abstract
Vitiligo is a type of hypomelanosis. Tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip), the coenzyme of the initial stage of melanogenesis, appears to be a trigger for vitiligo. H4Bip is present in vitiligo in 3–5-fold excess and causes oxidative stress by triggering an autocatalytic [...] Read more.
Vitiligo is a type of hypomelanosis. Tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip), the coenzyme of the initial stage of melanogenesis, appears to be a trigger for vitiligo. H4Bip is present in vitiligo in 3–5-fold excess and causes oxidative stress by triggering an autocatalytic cycle of excess hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Using quantum-chemical calculations, we have evaluated the possibility of H4Bip reactions occurring in the dark and under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, including the formation of dihydropterin dimers. In order to simulate the oxidative stress, oxidative modification of human serum albumin (HSA) has been carried out in the presence of excessive H4Bip using the fluorescence method. The fraction of oxidized protein (FOP) has been calculated. It has been established that there is a strong oxidative modification of amino acids chromophores (tryptophan and tyrosine) in the protein (FOP 0.64). Under UV irradiation of the system (HSA + H4Bip), FOP is reduced to 0.39. Apparently, a part of H4Bip transforms into dihydropterin dimers and does not participate in the oxidative modification of the protein. The data on oxidative modification of HSA are consistent with dynamic light scattering: H4Bip promotes HSA aggregation with the formation of particles with a hydrodynamic radius Rh ≥ 2000 nm, which can become immunogenic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation)
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Review

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24 pages, 11966 KiB  
Review
Photodegradation of Amoxicillin in Aqueous Systems: A Review
by Mohammad Ashraf Ali and Ibrahim M. Maafa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179575 - 4 Sep 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
Amoxicillin (AMX) is utilized in the treatment of several infectious diseases, and its concentration in wastewater has increased quite significantly over the years, posing high health hazards for humans and other living organisms. Investigations are in progress globally to eliminate AMX and other [...] Read more.
Amoxicillin (AMX) is utilized in the treatment of several infectious diseases, and its concentration in wastewater has increased quite significantly over the years, posing high health hazards for humans and other living organisms. Investigations are in progress globally to eliminate AMX and other related pollutants using several methods that include adsorption, photolysis, photocatalytic degradation, photoelectrocatalytic degradation, and electrochemical conversion. AMX can be eliminated efficiently from the environment using photodegradation, either by photolysis or a photocatalytic process. Several types of semiconductor NMs have been used to eliminate AMX and other related drugs present in wastewater. This review spans the photodegradation studies conducted during the years 2018–2024 to degrade and eliminate AMX in aquatic systems. Several studies have been reported to eliminate AMX from different water streams. These studies are categorized into TiO2-containing and non-TiO2-based catalysts for better comparison. A section on photolysis is also included, showing the use of UV alone or with H2O2 or PS without using any nanomaterial. A tabulated summary of both types of catalysts showing the catalysts, reaction conditions, and degradation efficiency is presented. Researchers have used a variety of reaction conditions that include radiation types (UV, solar, and visible), pH of the solution, concentration of AMX, number of nanomaterials, presence of other additives and activators such as H2O2 as oxidant, and the influence of different salts like NaCl and CaCl2 on the photodegradation efficiency. TiO2 was the best nanomaterial found that achieved the highest degradation of AMX in ultraviolet irradiation. TiO2 doped with other nanomaterials showed very good performance under visible light. WO3 was also used by several investigators and found quite effective for AMX degradation. Other metal oxides used for AMX elimination were derived from molybdenum, zinc, manganese, copper, cerium, silver, etc. Some researchers have used UV and/or visible irradiation or sunlight, without using solid catalysts, in the presence of oxidants such as H2O2. A summarized description of earlier published reviews is also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photolysis and Photodegradation)
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