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Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine: From Molecular Basis to Translational Research

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 3414

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
Interests: stem cell; regenerative medicine; cancer; hematological malignancy; hematopoietic stem cell

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cells are a rare subpopulation defined by the potential to self-renew and differentiate into specific cell types. The functional distinction between stem and progenitor cells is well-established in several tissues, particularly in the blood. There, hematopoietic stem cells preserve their self-renewal potential and reconstitution ability in the bone marrow niche. Bone marrow represents a unique setting in which to examine how stroma influences tissue function. Multiple bone marrow stromal cell types serve as regulators of hematopoiesis, and the dysfunction of some causes myelodysplasia and leukemia.

A population of stem-like cells has been reported to possess the ability to self-renewal, invasion, metastasis, and engraftment of distant tissues. This unique cell subpopulation has been designated as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells were first identified in leukemia and the contributions of cancer stem cells to cancer progression have been reported in many different types of cancers. The cancer stem cell hypothesis attempts to explain tumor cell heterogeneity based on the existence of stem cell-like cells within solid tumors.

We encourage the submission of original full research papers as well as review articles dealing with novel mechanistic insights and details of the molecular signatures of stem cell biology. We also encourage the submission of manuscripts that focus on translating basic molecular knowledge to new medical applications in stem cell biology. Articles reporting novel technologies aimed at identifying disease biomarkers are also welcomed.

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • New insights into the molecular mechanisms of stem cell biology;
  • Stem cell emerging technologies (e.g., bioinformatics, proteomics, metabolomics, tissue arrays, imaging);
  • New molecular biomarkers and profiling of cancer stem cells: diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and efficacy;
  • Molecular interactions in the niche, including stem cells, immune cells, and stroma cells;
  • Genomic profiling of stem cells, including genetics, epigenetics, and genomic instability;
  • Preclinical research leads to novel therapies derived from molecular processes and cellular interactions, including gene therapy, nanomedicine-based therapies, and stem cell-based therapy.

Dr. Dongjun Lee
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adult stem cells
  • embryonic stem cells
  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • hematopoietic stem cells
  • hematological malignancy
  • regenerative medicine
  • cancer stem cells
  • niche
  • stem cell therapy
  • gene editing
  • CRISPR/Cas9
  • organoids

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 27792 KiB  
Article
Generation and Characterization of hiPS Lines from Three Patients Affected by Different Forms of HPDL-Related Neurological Disorders
by Matteo Baggiani, Devid Damiani, Flavia Privitera, Stefania Della Vecchia, Alessandra Tessa and Filippo Maria Santorelli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910614 - 2 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are rare genetic disorders characterized by corticospinal tract impairment. Spastic paraplegia 83 (SPG83) is associated with biallelic mutations in the HPDL gene, leading to varied severities from neonatal to juvenile onset. The function of HPDL is unclear, though it is [...] Read more.
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are rare genetic disorders characterized by corticospinal tract impairment. Spastic paraplegia 83 (SPG83) is associated with biallelic mutations in the HPDL gene, leading to varied severities from neonatal to juvenile onset. The function of HPDL is unclear, though it is speculated to play a role in alternative coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Here, we report the generation of hiPS lines from primary skin fibroblasts derived from three SPG83 patients with different HPDL mutations, using episomal reprogramming. The patients’ clinical characteristics are carefully listed. The hiPS lines were meticulously characterized, demonstrating typical pluripotent characteristics through immunofluorescence assays for stemness markers (OCT4, TRA1-60, NANOG, and SSEA4) and RT-PCR for endogenous gene expression. Genetic integrity and identity were confirmed via Sanger sequencing and short tandem repeat analysis. These hiPS cells displayed typical pluripotent characteristics and were able to differentiate into neocortical neurons via a dual SMAD inhibition protocol. In addition, HPDL mutant neurons assessed via long-term culturing were able to achieve effective maturation, similarly to their wild-type counterparts. The HPDL hiPS lines we generated will provide a valuable model for studying SPG83, offering insights into its molecular mechanisms and potential for developing targeted therapies. Full article
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16 pages, 5659 KiB  
Article
Advancing Cardiovascular Drug Screening Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
by Jisun Oh, Oh-Bin Kwon, Sang-Wook Park, Jun-Woo Kim, Heejin Lee, Young-Kyu Kim, Eun Ji Choi, Haiyoung Jung, Dong Kyu Choi, Bae Jun Oh and Sang-Hyun Min
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147971 - 21 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a promising tool for studying cardiac physiology and drug responses. However, their use is largely limited by an immature phenotype and lack of high-throughput analytical methodology. In this study, we developed a high-throughput testing [...] Read more.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a promising tool for studying cardiac physiology and drug responses. However, their use is largely limited by an immature phenotype and lack of high-throughput analytical methodology. In this study, we developed a high-throughput testing platform utilizing hPSC-CMs to assess the cardiotoxicity and effectiveness of drugs. Following an optimized differentiation and maturation protocol, hPSC-CMs exhibited mature CM morphology, phenotype, and functionality, making them suitable for drug testing applications. We monitored intracellular calcium dynamics using calcium imaging techniques to measure spontaneous calcium oscillations in hPSC-CMs in the presence or absence of test compounds. For the cardiotoxicity test, hPSC-CMs were treated with various compounds, and calcium flux was measured to evaluate their effects on calcium dynamics. We found that cardiotoxic drugs withdrawn due to adverse drug reactions, including encainide, mibefradil, and cetirizine, exhibited toxicity in hPSC-CMs but not in HEK293-hERG cells. Additionally, in the effectiveness test, hPSC-CMs were exposed to ATX-II, a sodium current inducer for mimicking long QT syndrome type 3, followed by exposure to test compounds. The observed changes in calcium dynamics following drug exposure demonstrated the utility of hPSC-CMs as a versatile model system for assessing both cardiotoxicity and drug efficacy. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of hPSC-CMs in advancing drug discovery and development, which offer a physiologically relevant platform for the preclinical screening of novel therapeutics. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 1228 KiB  
Review
Leukemic Stem Cells and Hematological Malignancies
by Hee-Seon Choi, Byoung Soo Kim, Sik Yoon, Sae-Ock Oh and Dongjun Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6639; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126639 - 17 Jun 2024
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Abstract
The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively [...] Read more.
The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively generate blood and immune cells. The microenvironment, niche cells, and complex signaling pathways that regulate them acquire genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to aging, a chronic inflammatory environment, stress, and cancer, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and the production of abnormal blood and immune cells, leading to hematological malignancies and blood cancer. Cells that acquire these mutations grow at a faster rate than other cells and induce clone expansion. Excessive growth leads to the development of blood cancers. Standard therapy targets blast cells, which proliferate rapidly; however, LSCs that can induce disease recurrence remain after treatment, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. To overcome these limitations, researchers have focused on the characteristics and signaling systems of LSCs and therapies that target them to block LSCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the types of hematopoietic malignancies, the characteristics of leukemic stem cells that cause them, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire chemotherapy resistance, and the therapies targeting these mechanisms. Full article
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