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Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant Microorganisms
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Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant Microorganisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 6056

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sathiyaraj Srinivasan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, Division of Environmental & Life Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139774, Republic of Korea
Interests: microbiology; taxonomy; genomics; radiation resistance: bacteria; yeast; RNASeq; metagenome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Exposure to radiation from natural sources or caused by human activities damages the cellular components of all living organisms and severely damages the nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, leading to cell death. The genome of the microorganisms is under constant threat of damage from several radiation sources, and they are adopted to handle the conditions, with the complex network of regulation intertwined by transcriptional repressors. The complex regulatory network comprises several key transcriptional regulators that control and maintain cellular integrity and survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying quorum-sensing circuits remain unclear.

This Special Issue, “Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant microorganisms”, will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles on the radiation-resistant mechanism of both prokaryotes and eukaryotic organisms based on the genomic and proteomic analysis. In addition, experimental and Bioinformatics papers, up-to-date review articles, and commentaries are also welcome.

Dr. Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • radiation resistance
  • deinococcus
  • molecular mechanism
  • gamma irradiation
  • microorganisms

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3488 KiB  
Article
Characterization of a Novel N4-Methylcytosine Restriction-Modification System in Deinococcus radiodurans
by Chenxiang Shi, Liangyan Wang, Hong Xu, Ye Zhao, Bing Tian and Yuejin Hua
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031660 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic microorganism that possesses a unique DNA damage repair system, conferring a strong resistance to radiation, desiccation, oxidative stress, and chemical damage. Recently, we discovered that D. radiodurans possesses an N4-methylation (m4C) methyltransferase called M.DraR1, which recognizes the 5′-CCGCGG-3′ [...] Read more.
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic microorganism that possesses a unique DNA damage repair system, conferring a strong resistance to radiation, desiccation, oxidative stress, and chemical damage. Recently, we discovered that D. radiodurans possesses an N4-methylation (m4C) methyltransferase called M.DraR1, which recognizes the 5′-CCGCGG-3′ sequence and methylates the second cytosine. Here, we revealed its cognate restriction endonuclease R.DraR1 and recognized that it is the only endonuclease specially for non-4C-methylated 5′-CCGCGG-3′ sequence so far. We designated the particular m4C R.DraR1-M.DraR1 as the DraI R-M system. Bioinformatics searches displayed the rarity of the DraI R-M homologous system. Meanwhile, recombination and transformation efficiency experiments demonstrated the important role of the DraI R-M system in response to oxidative stress. In addition, in vitro activity experiments showed that R.DraR1 could exceptionally cleave DNA substrates with a m5C-methlated 5′-CCGCGG-3′ sequence instead of its routine activity, suggesting that this particular R-M component possesses a broader substrate choice. Furthermore, an imbalance of the DraI R-M system led to cell death through regulating genes involved in the maintenance of cell survival such as genome stability, transporter, and energy production. Thus, our research revealed a novel m4C R-M system that plays key roles in maintaining cell viability and defending foreign DNA in D. radiodurans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant Microorganisms)
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14 pages, 3293 KiB  
Article
MoaE Is Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress in Deinococcus radiodurans
by Jianling Cai, Maoxu Zhang, Zijing Chen, Ye Zhao, Hong Xu, Bing Tian, Liangyan Wang and Yuejin Hua
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032441 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1781
Abstract
Molybdenum ions are covalently bound to molybdenum pterin (MPT) to produce molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a compound essential for the catalytic activity of molybdenum enzymes, which is involved in a variety of biological functions. MoaE is the large subunit of MPT synthase and plays [...] Read more.
Molybdenum ions are covalently bound to molybdenum pterin (MPT) to produce molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a compound essential for the catalytic activity of molybdenum enzymes, which is involved in a variety of biological functions. MoaE is the large subunit of MPT synthase and plays a key role in Moco synthesis. Here, we investigated the function of MoaE in Deinococcus radiodurans (DrMoaE) in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that the protein contributed to the extreme resistance of D. radiodurans. The crystal structure of DrMoaE was determined by 1.9 Å resolution. DrMoaE was shown to be a dimer and the dimerization disappeared after Arg110 had been mutated. The deletion of drmoaE resulted in sensitivity to DNA damage stress and a slower growth rate in D. radiodurans. The increase in drmoaE transcript levels the and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels under oxidative stress suggested that it was involved in the antioxidant process in D. radiodurans. In addition, treatment with the base analog 6-hydroxyaminopurine decreased survival and increased intracellular mutation rates in drmoaE deletion mutant strains. Our results reveal that MoaE plays a role in response to external stress mainly through oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in D. radiodurans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant Microorganisms)
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16 pages, 2932 KiB  
Article
Acquisition of Streptomycin Resistance by Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis
by Chanjae Lee, Qianying Ye, Eunjung Shin, Tian Ting and Sung-Jae Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9764; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179764 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
Streptomycin is used primarily to treat bacterial infections, including brucellosis, plague, and tuberculosis. Streptomycin resistance easily develops in numerous bacteria through the inhibition of antibiotic transfer, the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, or mutations in ribosomal components with clinical doses of streptomycin treatment. (1) [...] Read more.
Streptomycin is used primarily to treat bacterial infections, including brucellosis, plague, and tuberculosis. Streptomycin resistance easily develops in numerous bacteria through the inhibition of antibiotic transfer, the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, or mutations in ribosomal components with clinical doses of streptomycin treatment. (1) Background: A transposable insertion sequence is one of the mutation agents in bacterial genomes under oxidative stress. (2) Methods: In the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis subjected to chronic oxidative stress induced by 20 mM hydrogen peroxide, active transposition of an insertion sequence element and several point mutations in three streptomycin resistance (SmR)-related genes (rsmG, rpsL, and mthA) were identified. (3) Results: ISDge6 of the IS5 family integrated into the rsmG gene (dgeo_2335), called SrsmG, encodes a ribosomal guanosine methyltransferase resulting in streptomycin resistance. In the case of dgeo_2840-disrupted mutant strains (S1 and S2), growth inhibition under antibiotic-free conditions was recovered with increased growth yields in the presence of 50 µg/mL streptomycin due to a streptomycin-dependent (SmD) mutation. These mutants have a predicted proline-to-leucine substitution at the 91st residue of ribosomal protein S12 in the decoding center. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that the active transposition of a unique IS element under oxidative stress conditions conferred antibiotic resistance through the disruption of rsmG. Furthermore, chronic oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide also induced streptomycin resistance caused by point and frameshift mutations of streptomycin-interacting residues such as K43, K88, and P91 in RpsL and four genes for streptomycin resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Radiation Resistant Microorganisms)
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