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Heart-Brain Interaction: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke
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Heart-Brain Interaction: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 3860

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tihamér Molnár

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
Interests: intensive care; subarachnoid hemorrhage; delayed cerebral ischemia; traumatic brain injury
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giovanna Mercurio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: intensive care medicine; stroke; mechanical ventilation; artificial intelligence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interaction between the heart and the brain is complicated and closely interconnected. In considering the impact of cerebrovascular disease on patients’ wellbeing and health resources, the molecular and pathological mechanisms underlying heart–brain interaction need to be further investigated. The identification of novel and cross-talking physiologic processes is crucial to manage vascular risk, correct timing of intervention and interdependence among illnesses. A well-established association between the heart and the brain is represented by cardiac embolisms, which account for a large porportion of all ischemic strokes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most relevant risk factor for cardiac embolisms and a leading cause of ischemic stroke, heart failure and sudden death. Consequently, a more comprehensive understanding of its association with cerebrovascular disease is also needed. For this Special Issue, we invite submissions including research articles, reviews and communications on a wide range of topics. Submissions of interdisciplinary or multi-modal research papers regarding the mechanisms of brain–heart interaction are particularly welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Tihamér Molnár
Dr. Giovanna Mercurio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • stroke
  • atrial fibrillation
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • heart–brain interaction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2597 KiB  
Article
Combined Metabolipidomic and Machine Learning Approach in a Rat Model of Stroke Reveals a Deleterious Impact of Brain Injury on Heart Metabolism
by Xavier Dieu, Sophie Tamareille, Aglae Herbreteau, Lucie Lebeau, Juan Manuel Chao De La Barca, Floris Chabrun, Pascal Reynier, Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier and Fabrice Prunier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512000 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1098
Abstract
Cardiac complications are frequently found following a stroke in humans whose pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood. We used machine learning to analyse a large set of data from a metabolipidomic study assaying 630 metabolites in a rat stroke model to investigate metabolic changes [...] Read more.
Cardiac complications are frequently found following a stroke in humans whose pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood. We used machine learning to analyse a large set of data from a metabolipidomic study assaying 630 metabolites in a rat stroke model to investigate metabolic changes affecting the heart within 72 h after a stroke. Twelve rats undergoing a stroke and 28 rats undergoing the sham procedure were investigated. A plasmatic signature consistent with the literature with notable lipid metabolism remodelling was identified. The post-stroke heart showed a discriminant metabolic signature, in comparison to the sham controls, involving increased collagen turnover, increased arginase activity with decreased nitric oxide synthase activity as well as an altered amino acid metabolism (including serine, asparagine, lysine and glycine). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that brain injury induces a metabolic remodelling in the heart potentially involved in the pathophysiology of stroke heart syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart-Brain Interaction: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke)
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Review

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13 pages, 2354 KiB  
Review
The Brain–Heart Network of Syncope
by Sailen Barik and Thomas Riddell
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6959; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136959 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 997
Abstract
Observed and recorded in various forms since ancient times, ‘syncope’ is often popularly called ‘fainting’, such that the two terms are used synonymously. Syncope/fainting can be caused by a variety of conditions, including but not limited to head injuries, vertigo, and oxygen deficiency. [...] Read more.
Observed and recorded in various forms since ancient times, ‘syncope’ is often popularly called ‘fainting’, such that the two terms are used synonymously. Syncope/fainting can be caused by a variety of conditions, including but not limited to head injuries, vertigo, and oxygen deficiency. Here, we draw on a large body of literature on syncope, including the role of a recently discovered set of specialized mammalian neurons. Although the etiology of syncope still remains a mystery, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive account of what is known and what still needs to be performed. Much of our understanding of syncope is owing to studies in the laboratory mouse, whereas evidence from human patients remains scarce. Interestingly, the cardioinhibitory Bezold–Jarisch reflex, recognized in the early 1900s, has an intriguing similarity to—and forms the basis of—syncope. In this review, we have integrated this minimal model into the modern view of the brain–neuron–heart signaling loop of syncope, to which several signaling events contribute. Molecular signaling is our major focus here, presented in terms of a normal heart, and thus, syncope due to abnormal or weak heart activity is not discussed in detail. In addition, we have offered possible directions for clinical intervention based on this model. Overall, this article is expected to generate interest in chronic vertigo and syncope/fainting, an enigmatic condition that affects most humans at some point in life; it is also hoped that this may lead to a mechanism-based clinical intervention in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart-Brain Interaction: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke)
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13 pages, 1244 KiB  
Review
Cardioembolic Stroke: Past Advancements, Current Challenges, and Future Directions
by Yuji Kato, Kenta Tsutsui, Shintaro Nakano, Takeshi Hayashi and Satoshi Suda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115777 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 1185
Abstract
Cardioembolic stroke accounts for over 20% of ischemic strokes and is associated with worse outcomes than other types of strokes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common risk factor for cardioembolic stroke. In this narrative review, we present an update about cardioembolic stroke [...] Read more.
Cardioembolic stroke accounts for over 20% of ischemic strokes and is associated with worse outcomes than other types of strokes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common risk factor for cardioembolic stroke. In this narrative review, we present an update about cardioembolic stroke mainly related to AF and atrial cardiopathy. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have revolutionized stroke prevention in patients with AF; however, their efficacy in preventing recurrent embolic stroke of unknown source remains uncertain. Various cardiac monitoring methods are used to detect AF, which is crucial for preventing stroke recurrence. DOACs are preferred over warfarin for AF-related stroke prevention; however, the timing of initiation after acute ischemic stroke is debated. Resuming anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage in AF patients requires careful assessment of the risks. While catheter ablation may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, its effect on stroke prevention is unclear, especially in heart failure patients. Atrial cardiopathy is the emerging cause of embolic stroke of unknown source, which indicates atrial structural and functional disorders that can precede AF. Future research should focus on refining stroke risk prediction models, optimizing AF detection, understanding the roles of ablation and anticoagulation in stroke prevention, and establishing atrial cardiopathy as a therapeutic target, which could significantly reduce the burden of stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart-Brain Interaction: Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke)
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