Interleukin in Allergic and Immune-Mediated Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Several diseases related to allergies, including asthma, food allergies (FAs), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and atopic dermatitis (AD), are characterized by the involvement of Th2 immunity. Several mediators lead to IgEs production, including key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Other molecules, such as IL-2, interferon gamma, IL-21, and IL-23, are involved in the Th-1 and Th-17 pathway, thus leading to IL-17 production, which mediates tissue inflammation and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), multiple sclerosis (MS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In contrast, IL-2 is involved in T regular (T reg) cell activation with the consequent production of IL-10, which seems to regulate tolerance and immune suppression. Moving through this complex scenario, some of these molecules, such as IL-5, have already been studied as novel biomarkers for specific targeted therapies. Indeed, inhibition or stimulation in the protective function of these molecules could represent a promising option for future therapies. In the near future, new studies investigating the role of these molecules as part of a complex and wide biological net need to be carried out in order to understand the role of these molecules in biological systems.

Dr. Giuseppe Murdaca
Dr. Sebastiano Gangemi
Guest Editors

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