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Molecular Mechanism in DNA Replication and Repair

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biophysics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 1518

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kostantynów 1 H Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland
Interests: cancer; genomics; molecular biology; health sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

DNA replication, i.e., making a copy of a cell’s DNA, is a process in which approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA in the genome must be properly copied when any of the cells divide. DNA replication is semiconservative, which means that each strand in the DNA double helix is a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. Cells copy their DNA in a fast way, and they use multiple enzymes and proteins in this process, including DNA polymerase, DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase. DNA polymerase could make mistakes while adding nucleotides. Most of the mistakes are corrected during replication, but when it is not employed, the mismatch repair mechanism is implemented, which replaces the incorrect bases with the proper ones. Another type of repair is nucleotide excision repair, which removes incorrect bases along with a few bases on the 3′ and 5′ ends and replaces them by copying the template using DNA polymerase. Most of the mistakes are corrected; uncorrected bases result in mutations, which may cause multiple consequences, such as cancer.

This Special Issue of IJMS is dedicated to understanding and expanding the knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms of DNA replication and repair. This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Ryszard Maciejewski and assisted by our Topical Advisory Panel Member, Dr. Julita Machlowska (Medical University of Lublin). We would like to create a platform for multiple research projects and publications on different aspects of DNA replication and repair mechanisms, which might be significant in terms of novel disease therapies.

Prof. Dr. Ryszard Maciejewski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • DNA replication
  • genome stability
  • DNA repair mechanisms
  • mismatch repair mechanism
  • nucleotide excision repair
  • cancer risk

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

28 pages, 1968 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Circadian Rhythms on DNA Damage Repair in Skin Photoaging
by Zhi Su, Qianhua Hu, Xiang Li, Zirun Wang and Ying Xie
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10926; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010926 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1134
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, the internal timekeeping systems governing physiological processes, significantly influence skin health, particularly in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Disruptions in circadian rhythms can exacerbate UVR-induced skin damage and increase the risk of skin aging and cancer. This review explores how circadian [...] Read more.
Circadian rhythms, the internal timekeeping systems governing physiological processes, significantly influence skin health, particularly in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Disruptions in circadian rhythms can exacerbate UVR-induced skin damage and increase the risk of skin aging and cancer. This review explores how circadian rhythms affect various aspects of skin physiology and pathology, with a special focus on DNA repair. Circadian regulation ensures optimal DNA repair following UVR-induced damage, reducing mutation accumulation, and enhancing genomic stability. The circadian control over cell proliferation and apoptosis further contributes to skin regeneration and response to UVR. Oxidative stress management is another critical area where circadian rhythms exert influence. Key circadian genes like brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and signaling pathways to protect cells from oxidative stress. Circadian rhythms also affect inflammatory and immune responses by modulating the inflammatory response and the activity of Langerhans cells and other immune cells in the skin. In summary, circadian rhythms form a complex defense network that manages UVR-induced damage through the precise regulation of DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and hormonal signaling. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into developing targeted skin protection and improving skin cancer prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism in DNA Replication and Repair)
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