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Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery
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Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 4337

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ilya E. Nifant'ev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia
Interests: organic and inorganic synthesis; homogeneous catalysis; macromolecules; coordination catalysis and organocatalysis for ring-opening polymerization; single-site catalysis in polymerization and transformations of α-olefins and dienes; synthesis of advanced petrochemical products; biodegradable polymers; actual materials for biomedical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The design of polymeric materials for all kinds of biomedical applications requires solving a big set of synthetic problems to study their biocompatibility and to discuss the ways in which the materials under consideration could be helpful for human beings. This Special Issue focuses on all the abovementioned aspects dealing with the elaboration and functioning of polymeric materials for biomedical applications. Research articles and reviews are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: design, synthesis, characterization, functionalization and processing of polymers and composites for different biomedical applications; bioresorbable polymeric materials; materials for drug and gene delivery; materials for bone surgery, orthopedics and dentistry; and materials for tissue engineering, medical devices and biosensors.

Prof. Dr. Ilya E. Nifant'ev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biodegradable polymers
  • polyesters
  • scaffolds
  • tissue engineering
  • drug delivery
  • gene delivery
  • functional materials
  • biomedical application

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4115 KiB  
Article
Application of hs-CRP in Assessment of Tissue Inflammation Following Implantation of Biodegradable Polymer in Experiment
by Igor A. Eisenach, Galina A. Lapii, Alexandra K. Uzyumova, Elena L. Lushnikova, Victor S. Ovchinnikov, Anastasia O. Solovieva and Vasiliy A. Naprimerov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011183 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 224
Abstract
Implants made of biodegradable polymers are replaced by regenerating tissues through inflammation. The changes occurring in tissues and the organism are of practical interest for studying the biocompatibility of the material and searching for systemic markers in the blood that reflect inflammation in [...] Read more.
Implants made of biodegradable polymers are replaced by regenerating tissues through inflammation. The changes occurring in tissues and the organism are of practical interest for studying the biocompatibility of the material and searching for systemic markers in the blood that reflect inflammation in peri-implantation tissues. The highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements in blood and morphometric studies of tissue surrounding the implant were carried out in the experiment within three months of implantation of a biopolymer consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC). During the first month, tissue inflammation decreased, and the blood level of hs-CRP did not increase. The polymer biotransformation began in the tissues after a month of implantation and was accompanied by inflammation moving deeper into the matrix. Proliferation of inflammatory cells in tissues was reflected in an increase in the hs-CRP level three months after polymer installation. The result achieved confirmed the polymer’s bioinertness. The level of hs-CRP in the blood of the animals correlated with the level of inflammation in peri-implantation tissues, reflecting the activity of inflammation in the process of polymer biotransformation. This inflammation protein can be recommended for assessing tissue processes following implantation of biopolymers and their biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery)
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26 pages, 8203 KiB  
Article
One-Pot, Multi-Component Green Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bridgehead Bicyclo[4.4.0]boron Heterocycles and DNA Affinity Studies
by Polinikis Paisidis, Maroula G. Kokotou, Antigoni Kotali, George Psomas and Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9842; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189842 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 491
Abstract
Anthranilic acids, salicylaldehydes and arylboronic acids reacted in EtOH/H2O (1/3) at 150 °C under microwave irradiation for 1 h to give, in excellent yields and purity, twenty-three bridgehead bicyclo[4.4.0]boron heterocycles via one-pot, three-component green synthesis. The scope and the limitations of [...] Read more.
Anthranilic acids, salicylaldehydes and arylboronic acids reacted in EtOH/H2O (1/3) at 150 °C under microwave irradiation for 1 h to give, in excellent yields and purity, twenty-three bridgehead bicyclo[4.4.0]boron heterocycles via one-pot, three-component green synthesis. The scope and the limitations of the reactions are discussed in terms of the substitution of ten different anthranilic acids, three salicylaldehydes and three arylboronic acids. The replacement of salicylaldehyde with o-hydroxyacetophenone demanded a lipophilic solvent for the reaction to occur. Eight novel derivatives were isolated following crystallization in a toluene-containing mixture that included molecular sieves. The above one-pot, three-component reactions were completed under microwave irradiation at 180 °C within 1.5 h, thus avoiding the conventional prolonged heating reaction times and the use of a Dean–Stark apparatus. All derivatives were studied for their affinity to calf thymus DNA using proper techniques like viscosity and UV–vis spectroscopy, where DNA-binding constants were found in the range 2.83 × 104–8.41 × 106 M−1. Ethidium bromide replacement studies using fluorescence spectroscopy indicated Stern–Volmer constants between 1.49 × 104 and 5.36 × 104 M−1, whereas the corresponding quenching constants were calculated to be between 6.46 × 1011 and 2.33 × 1012 M−1 s−1. All the above initial experiments show that these compounds may have possible medical applications for DNA-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery)
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12 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules: An Extended Release System for the Antiarrhythmic Complex of Allapinin with Glycyrrhizic Acid Salt
by Shavkat I. Salikhov, Egor V. Musin, Aleksandr L. Kim, Yulia I. Oshchepkova and Sergey A. Tikhonenko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052652 - 24 Feb 2024
Viewed by 944
Abstract
Allapinin has antiarrhythmic activity and can be used to prevent and treat various supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Nevertheless, it is highly toxic and has a number of side effects associated with non-specific accumulation in various tissues. The complex of this substance with the [...] Read more.
Allapinin has antiarrhythmic activity and can be used to prevent and treat various supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Nevertheless, it is highly toxic and has a number of side effects associated with non-specific accumulation in various tissues. The complex of this substance with the monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Al:MASGA) has less toxicity and improved antiarrhythmic activity. However, the encapsulation of Al:MASGA in polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMC) for prolonged release will reduce the residual adverse effects of this drug. In this work, the possibility of encapsulating the allapinin–MASGA complex in polyelectrolyte microcapsules based on polyallylamine and polystyrene sulfonate was investigated. The encapsulation methods of the allapinin–MASGA in polyelectrolyte microcapsules by adsorption and coprecipitation were compared. It was found that the coprecipitation method did not result in the encapsulation of Al:MASGA. The sorption method facilitated the encapsulation of up to 80% of the original substance content in solution in PMC. The release of the encapsulated substance was further investigated, and it was shown that the release of the encapsulated Al:MASGA was independent of the substance content in the capsules, but at pH 5, a two-fold decrease in the rate of drug release was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery)
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12 pages, 3054 KiB  
Article
PEGylation of Terminal Ligands as a Route to Decrease the Toxicity of Radiocontrast Re6-Clusters
by Aleksei S. Pronin, Tatiana N. Pozmogova, Yuri A. Vorotnikov, Georgy D. Vavilov, Anton A. Ivanov, Vadim V. Yanshole, Alphiya R. Tsygankova, Tatiana Ya. Gusel’nikova, Yuri V. Mironov and Michael A. Shestopalov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16569; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316569 - 21 Nov 2023
Viewed by 893
Abstract
The development of novel radiocontrast agents, mainly used for the visualization of blood vessels, is still an emerging task due to the variety of side effects of conventional X-ray contrast media. Recently, we have shown that octahedral chalcogenide rhenium clusters with phosphine ligands—Na [...] Read more.
The development of novel radiocontrast agents, mainly used for the visualization of blood vessels, is still an emerging task due to the variety of side effects of conventional X-ray contrast media. Recently, we have shown that octahedral chalcogenide rhenium clusters with phosphine ligands—Na2H14[{Re6Q8}(P(C2H4COO)3)6] (Q = S, Se)—can be considered as promising X-ray contrast agents if their relatively high toxicity related to the high charge of the complexes can be overcome. To address this issue, we propose one of the most widely used methods for tuning the properties of proteins and peptides—PEGylation (PEG is polyethylene glycol). The reaction between the clusters and PEG-400 was carried out in acidic aqueous media and resulted in the binding of up to five carboxylate groups with PEG. The study of cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells and acute toxicity in mice showed a twofold reduction in toxicity after PEGylation, demonstrating the success of the strategy chosen. Finally, the compound obtained has been used for the visualization of blood vessels of laboratory rats by angiography and computed tomography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery)
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Review

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25 pages, 7153 KiB  
Review
Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Optical Materials for Biomedical Applications
by Gianna Riviello, Brendan Connor, Jake McBrearty, Gianna Rodriguez and Xiao Hu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1861; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031861 - 3 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1439
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical research, particularly in optical applications, have sparked a transformative movement towards replacing synthetic polymers with more biocompatible and sustainable alternatives. Most often made from plastics or glass, these materials ignite immune responses from the body, and their production is [...] Read more.
Recent advances in biomedical research, particularly in optical applications, have sparked a transformative movement towards replacing synthetic polymers with more biocompatible and sustainable alternatives. Most often made from plastics or glass, these materials ignite immune responses from the body, and their production is based on environmentally harsh oil-based processes. Biopolymers, including both polysaccharides and proteins, have emerged as a potential candidate for optical biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability, derived from their existence in nature and being recognized by the immune system. Current extraction and fabrication methods for these biomaterials, including thermal drawing, extrusion and printing, mold casting, dry-jet wet spinning, hydrogel formations, and nanoparticles, aim to create optical materials in cost-effective and environmentally friendly manners for a wide range of applications. Present and future applications include optical waveguides and sensors, imaging and diagnostics, optical fibers, and waveguides, as well as ocular implants using biopolymers, which will revolutionize these fields, specifically their uses in the healthcare industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications, Drug and Gene Delivery)
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