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Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health
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Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 7217

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raffaele Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia/Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
Interests: viral infections; treatment; clinical impact; antiviral drugs; clinical picture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentina Zuccaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
U.O.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Interests: infectious diseases; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cumulative knowledge has revealed that gut microbiota contributes to the development and progression of different chronic diseases, including Long-COVID-19 Syndrome. Gut dysbiosis can have an impact on multiple organs through several gut‒organ axes. The aim of this Special Issue is to shed a light on knowledge that has been accumulated in the context of gut‒organ axes with a focus on the potential role of gut microbiota composition in the pathogenesis of Long-COVID-19 Syndrome. The authors are encouraged to submit their original research studies concerning this topic. Review articles will also be taken into consideration.

Dr. Raffaele Bruno
Dr. Valentina Zuccaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • dysbiosis
  • gut-organ axis
  • Long-COVID-19 Syndrome
  • pathogenesis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5541 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Metabolism in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Children: Implications for Sex-Based Differences and Metabolic Dysregulation
by Amapola De Sales-Millán, Paulina Reyes-Ferreira, José Félix Aguirre-Garrido, Ismene Corral-Guillé, Rehotbevely Barrientos-Ríos and José Antonio Velázquez-Aragón
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126701 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 3562
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on identifying potential differences in gut bacteria between these groups. The microbiota was analyzed through the massive sequencing of [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on identifying potential differences in gut bacteria between these groups. The microbiota was analyzed through the massive sequencing of region V3–V4 of the 16S RNA gene, utilizing DNA extracted from stool samples of participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences in the dominant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota) between the ASD and NT groups. However, at the genus level, notable disparities were observed in the abundance of Blautia, Prevotella, Clostridium XI, and Clostridium XVIII, all of which have been previously associated with ASD. Furthermore, a sex-based analysis unveiled additional discrepancies in gut microbiota composition. Specifically, three genera (Megamonas, Oscilibacter, Acidaminococcus) exhibited variations between male and female groups in both ASD and NT cohorts. Particularly noteworthy was the exclusive presence of Megamonas in females with ASD. Analysis of predicted metabolic pathways suggested an enrichment of pathways related to amine and polyamine degradation, as well as amino acid degradation in the ASD group. Conversely, pathways implicated in carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and fermentation were found to be underrepresented. Despite the limitations of our study, including a relatively small sample size (30 ASD and 31 NT children) and the utilization of predicted metabolic pathways derived from 16S RNA gene analysis rather than metagenome sequencing, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting a potential association between gut microbiota composition and ASD. Future research endeavors should focus on validating these findings with larger sample sizes and exploring the functional significance of these microbial differences in ASD. Additionally, there is a critical need for further investigations to elucidate sex differences in gut microbiota composition and their potential implications for ASD pathology and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health)
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9 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Interaction Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Peripheral Markers of Aging in Severe Psychiatric Disorders: A Role for Lachnoclostridium?
by Mirko Manchia, Pasquale Paribello, Claudia Pisanu, Donatella Congiu, Athos Antoniades, Paris Vogazianos, Federica Tozzi, Federica Pinna, Aristos Aristodimou, Paola Caria, Tinuccia Dettori, Daniela Virginia Frau, Cristina Cocco, Barbara Noli, Concetta Panebianco, Valerio Pazienza, Bernardo Carpiniello and Alessio Squassina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417618 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
Excessive predominance of pathological species in the gut microbiota could increase the production of inflammatory mediators at the gut level and, via modification of the gut–blood barrier, at the systemic level. This pro-inflammatory state could, in turn, increase biological aging that is generally [...] Read more.
Excessive predominance of pathological species in the gut microbiota could increase the production of inflammatory mediators at the gut level and, via modification of the gut–blood barrier, at the systemic level. This pro-inflammatory state could, in turn, increase biological aging that is generally proxied by telomere shortening. In this study, we present findings from a secondary interaction analysis of gut microbiota, aging, and inflammatory marker data from a cohort of patients with different diagnoses of severe mental disorders. We analyzed 15 controls, 35 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and 31 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) recruited among those attending a community mental health center (50 males and 31 females, mean and median age 46.8 and 46.3 years, respectively). We performed 16S rRNA sequencing as well as measurement of telomere length via quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We applied statistical modeling with logistic regression to test for interaction between gut microbiota and these markers. Our results showed statistically significant interactions between telomere length and gut microbiota pointing to the genus Lachnostridium, which remained significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of MDD even after adjustment for a series of covariates. Although exploratory, these findings show that specific gut microbiota signatures overexpressing Lachnoclostridium and interacting with biological aging could modulate the liability for MDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health)

Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 315 KiB  
Review
Dietary Effects on the Gut Phageome
by Andrea Howard, Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Joe Alcock and Henry C. Lin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168690 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1367
Abstract
As knowledge of the gut microbiome has expanded our understanding of the symbiotic and dysbiotic relationships between the human host and its microbial constituents, the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbes both locally and beyond the intestine has become evident. Shifts in bacterial populations [...] Read more.
As knowledge of the gut microbiome has expanded our understanding of the symbiotic and dysbiotic relationships between the human host and its microbial constituents, the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbes both locally and beyond the intestine has become evident. Shifts in bacterial populations have now been associated with several conditions including Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Disease, liver diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and cancers. As the bacteria in our gut thrive on the food we eat, diet plays a critical role in the functional aspects of our gut microbiome, influencing not only health but also the development of disease. While the bacterial microbiome in the context of disease is well studied, the associated gut phageome—bacteriophages living amongst and within our bacterial microbiome—is less well understood. With growing evidence that fluctuations in the phageome also correlate with dysbiosis, how diet influences this population needs to be better understood. This review surveys the current understanding of the effects of diet on the gut phageome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Diseases and Health)
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