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Recent Molecules Research of DNA Repair and DNA Damage

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 1636

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: DNA and chromosomal damage; DNA repair; colorectal cancer; pancreatic cancer; cancer risk; cancer prognosis; therapy prediction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The transfer of genetic information with high fidelity and the preservation of genomic integrity are fundamental preconditions of life. Generally, there are many pathways implicated in the maintenance of genomic integrity and the prevention of its instability. Those include mainly: (i) DNA repair mechanisms, (ii) flawless DNA replication and mitosis and (iii) telomere maintenance.

On the background of abundant and versatile arising DNA damage, the complex biological system of DNA repair has evolved to ensure fidelity of the genetic information, genomic stability, and integrity of the cells. It comprises several distinct pathways repairing different types of DNA damage. Notably, some lesions serve as substrates for more than one pathway, and no single pathway repairs all types of DNA lesions. DNA repair pathways comprise BER, nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), double-strand break repair (homologous recombination – HR and non-homologous end joining - NHEJ), and direct reversal DNA repair. Translesion synthesis (TLS) and the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathways belong also to this system.

The DNA damage accumulation and altered DNA damage response clearly underlie several human pathologies, namely various kinds of cancer. In addition, DNA damage and DNA repair play a role in degenerative diseases as well. Furthermore, DNA damage accumulation and changes in DNA repair may occur in the physiological ageing.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on “Recent Molecules Research of DNA Repair and DNA Damage”, supervised by Dr. Vodička Pavel (Charles University, Czech Republic) and assisted by Dr. Eylül Bankoglu (University of Wuerzburg, Germany), aims to understand DNA damage/DNA repair in humans and their potential implications to pathologies. These comprise (a) the interindividual, intersex and between age groups differences in DNA damage/DNA repair, (b) the differences in various organs (target versus firs-pass organs), (c) the role of DNA damage/DNA repair in the ethiology of proliferative versus degenerative diseases, (d) possible inducibility of DNA repair proteins and adaptive response, (e) the role of genetics and epigenetics on DNA repair.

Dr. Pavel Vodicka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • DNA repair
  • DNA damage
  • human pathologies
  • solid cancers
  • degenerative diseases
  • anticancer therapy

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 2468 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Human DNA Glycosylases on the Activity of DNA Polymerase β toward Various Base Excision Repair Intermediates
by Artemiy S. Bakman, Stanislav S. Boichenko, Aleksandra A. Kuznetsova, Alexander A. Ishchenko, Murat Saparbaev and Nikita A. Kuznetsov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9594; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119594 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is one of the important systems for the maintenance of genome stability via repair of DNA lesions. BER is a multistep process involving a number of enzymes, including damage-specific DNA glycosylases, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1, DNA polymerase β, and [...] Read more.
Base excision repair (BER) is one of the important systems for the maintenance of genome stability via repair of DNA lesions. BER is a multistep process involving a number of enzymes, including damage-specific DNA glycosylases, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1, DNA polymerase β, and DNA ligase. Coordination of BER is implemented by multiple protein–protein interactions between BER participants. Nonetheless, mechanisms of these interactions and their roles in the BER coordination are poorly understood. Here, we report a study on Polβ’s nucleotidyl transferase activity toward different DNA substrates (that mimic DNA intermediates arising during BER) in the presence of various DNA glycosylases (AAG, OGG1, NTHL1, MBD4, UNG, or SMUG1) using rapid-quench-flow and stopped-flow fluorescence approaches. It was shown that Polβ efficiently adds a single nucleotide into different types of single-strand breaks either with or without a 5′-dRP–mimicking group. The obtained data indicate that DNA glycosylases AAG, OGG1, NTHL1, MBD4, UNG, and SMUG1, but not NEIL1, enhance Polβ’s activity toward the model DNA intermediates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Molecules Research of DNA Repair and DNA Damage)
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