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Gut Microbiota in Human Health
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Gut Microbiota in Human Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6045

Special Issue Editor

Dr. María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
Interests: microbiome; metabolome; early infancy; immune response; organoids; in vitro models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut microbiota is now recognized as a major contributor in human health and disease. It comprises a community of about 100 trillion microbes which have a symbiotic and mutualistic relationship with the host. The process of colonization in early life entails a complex and dynamic process where the firsts years of life are critical as they represent a period of growth and development where the foundations of lifelong immune homeostasis and microbial colonization are established in humans. Such seeding and stable colonization is conditioned by several factors such as mode of delivery, the mother’s diet, type of feeding or physical environment. These changes in early life, also affect the production of microbial-derived metabolibes, which some of them such as short-chain fatty acids or bile acids have been described to affect the host immunity. Alterations to the gut microbiota in early life are known to be associated with health conditions and significantly correlated with many paediatric diseases such as obesity, asthma and allergic disease, aberrant immune maturation, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolism, or defects in gastrointestinal development. Thus, unrevealing the molecular mechanisms implicated in host-microbiome interactions during this critical period of life is foundamental for understanding their implications in long-term health and disease.   

In this Special Issue, original research, reviews, and short communications addressing the molecular mechanisms involved in the relationship between early-life changes in the gut microbiota and health and disease later in life.

Dr. María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • colonization
  • immune response
  • microbial-derived metabolites
  • long-term disease
  • metabolism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 16061 KiB  
Article
Identification of Muscle Strength-Related Gut Microbes through Human Fecal Microbiome Transplantation
by Ji-Seon Ahn, Bon-Chul Koo, Yu-Jin Choi, Woon-Won Jung, Hyun-Sook Kim, Suk-Jun Lee, Seong-Tshool Hong and Hea-Jong Chung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010662 - 4 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1073
Abstract
The gut microbiome is well known for its influence on human physiology and aging. Therefore, we speculate that the gut microbiome may affect muscle strength in the same way as the host’s own genes. To demonstrate candidates for gut microbes affecting muscle strength, [...] Read more.
The gut microbiome is well known for its influence on human physiology and aging. Therefore, we speculate that the gut microbiome may affect muscle strength in the same way as the host’s own genes. To demonstrate candidates for gut microbes affecting muscle strength, we remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice into human intestinal microbiome through fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT), using human feces and compared the changes in muscle strength in the same mice before and three months after FMT. After comparing before and after FMT, the mice were divided into three groups based on the observed changes in muscle strength: positive, none, and negative changes in muscle strength. As a result of analyzing the α-diversity, β-diversity, and co-occurrence network of the intestinal microbial community before and after FMT, it was observed that a more diverse intestinal microbial community was established after FMT in all groups. In particular, the group with increased muscle strength had more gut microbiome species and communities than the other groups. Fold-change comparison showed that Eisenbergiella massiliensis and Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum from the gut microbiome had positive contributions to muscle strength, while Ileibacterium valens and Ethanoligenens harbinense had negative effects. This study identifies candidates for the gut microbiome that contribute positively and those that contribute negatively to muscle strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Health)
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17 pages, 15051 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Intestinal Microbes Associated with Locomotion
by Ji-Seon Ahn, Yu-Jin Choi, Han-Byeol Kim, Hea-Jong Chung and Seong-Tshool Hong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411392 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
Given the impact of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, it is possible that the gut microbiome may affect locomotion in the same way as the host’s own genes. There is not yet any direct evidence linking the gut microbiome to [...] Read more.
Given the impact of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, it is possible that the gut microbiome may affect locomotion in the same way as the host’s own genes. There is not yet any direct evidence linking the gut microbiome to locomotion, though there are some potential connections, such as regular physical activity and the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can contribute differently to locomotion. We remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using human feces and compared the changes in locomotion of the same mice before and three months after FMT. We found that FMT affected locomotion in three different ways: positive, none (the same), and negative. Analysis of the phylogenesis, α-diversities, and β-diversities of the gut microbiome in the three groups showed that a more diverse group of intestinal microbes was established after FMT in each of the three groups, indicating that the human gut microbiome is more diverse than that of mice. The FMT-remodeled gut microbiome in each group was also different from each other. Fold change and linear correlation analyses identified Lacrimispora indolis, Pseudoflavonifractor phocaeensis, and Alistipes senegalensis in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to locomotion, while Sphingobacterium cibi, Prevotellamassilia timonensis, Parasutterella excrementihominis, Faecalibaculum rodentium, and Muribaculum intestinale were found to have negative effects. This study not only confirms the presence of gut microbiomes that contribute differently to locomotion, but also explains the mixed results in research on the association between the gut microbiome and locomotion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Health)
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12 pages, 1738 KiB  
Communication
Profiling the Urobiota in a Pediatric Population with Neurogenic Bladder Secondary to Spinal Dysraphism
by Flavio De Maio, Giacomo Grotti, Francesco Mariani, Danilo Buonsenso, Giulia Santarelli, Delia Mercedes Bianco, Brunella Posteraro, Maurizio Sanguinetti and Claudia Rendeli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8261; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098261 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1295
Abstract
The human bladder has been long thought to be sterile until that, only in the last decade, advances in molecular biology have shown that the human urinary tract is populated with microorganisms. The relationship between the urobiota and the development of urinary tract [...] Read more.
The human bladder has been long thought to be sterile until that, only in the last decade, advances in molecular biology have shown that the human urinary tract is populated with microorganisms. The relationship between the urobiota and the development of urinary tract disorders is now of great interest. Patients with spina bifida (SB) can be born with (or develop over time) neurological deficits due to damaged nerves that originate in the lower part of the spinal cord, including the neurogenic bladder. This condition represents a predisposing factor for urinary tract infections so that the most frequently used approach to treat patients with neurogenic bladder is based on clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). In this study, we analyzed the urobiota composition in a pediatric cohort of patients with SB compared to healthy controls, as well as the urobiota characteristics based on whether patients received CIC or not. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Health)
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Review

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20 pages, 1479 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives—A Systematic Review
by Francesco Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Irene Palumbo, Irma Trilli, Mariafrancesca Guglielmo, Antonio Mancini, Andrea Palermo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo and Gianna Dipalma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021055 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1464
Abstract
The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link to long-term health implications like immune-related disorders and allergies. This [...] Read more.
The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link to long-term health implications like immune-related disorders and allergies. This correlation underscores the intricate connection between birth mode and the establishment of diverse intestinal microbiota. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by analyzing the articles and examining the intricate interactions between CS delivery and the infant’s intestinal microbiota. The analysis, based on a wide-ranging selection of studies, elucidates the multifaceted dynamics involved in CS-associated shifts in the establishment of fetal microbiota. We also explore the potential ramifications of these microbial changes on neonatal health and development, providing a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers. By synthesizing current findings, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between delivery mode and early microbial colonization, paving the way for informed clinical decisions and future investigations in the field of perinatal medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Human Health)
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