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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0
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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 July 2023) | Viewed by 20021

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Physiology Department, Medical School, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular disease; molecular biology; microbiota; atherosclerosis; heart failure; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Javier Modrego

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: gut microbiota; cardiovascular disease; pollution health; biomedicine; platelet; hemostasis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Gut microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem dominated by bacteria, but also includes populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. The gut microbiota seems to have coevolved with humans for a mutually beneficial coexistence, being essential in certain complementary metabolic activities that have not been fully evolved in the human host. The advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing platforms, integration of multi-omics data, and bioinformatics development has accelerated the rate at which we obtain knowledge about the composition of the gut microbial communities, creating a tremendous change in our knowledge of the physiopathological processes. However, their functions, and how they interact with the host, is not fully understood. Since gut bacteria are physically separated from the intestinal epithelium by a mucus layer, without interacting directly between them, the aims of this Special Issue will be to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota affect host metabolism in a paracrine or an endocrine manner. Deepening into the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota/host interactions and the functional effect of these interactions will highlight the importance of gut microbiota in health and disease, allowing better choices of treatments and diets for a better health, and opening new opportunities for personalized medicine.

Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre
Dr. Javier Modrego
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • microbiome
  • gut metabolites
  • short-chain fatty acids
  • secondary bile acids
  • microRNA
  • microvesicles
  • cell signaling
  • prebiotics/probiotics
  • nutrition

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 182 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0
by Dulcenombre Gómez Garre and Javier Modrego
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4344; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084344 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 541
Abstract
In recent years, research on the gut microbiota has undeniably captivated the attention of students, investigators, clinicians, and the general public [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)

Research

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14 pages, 2745 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury in Bile Duct Ligated Mice via Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism
by Xueqian Zhou, Xiaoxun Zhang, Nan Zhao, Liangjun Zhang, Wen Qiu, Chunwei Song, Jin Chai, Shiying Cai and Wensheng Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043180 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Bile components play a critical role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. In cholestasis, bile secretion is impaired, leading to liver injury. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota plays a role in cholestatic liver injury. Here, we performed a sham operation [...] Read more.
Bile components play a critical role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. In cholestasis, bile secretion is impaired, leading to liver injury. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota plays a role in cholestatic liver injury. Here, we performed a sham operation and bile duct ligation (BDL) in antibiotic-induced microbiome depleted (AIMD) mice and assessed liver injury and fecal microbiota composition in these mice. Significant reductions in gut microbiota richness and diversity were found in AIMD-sham mice when compared to sham controls. Three-day BDL leads to great elevation of plasma ALT, ALP, total bile acids, and bilirubin where reduced diversity of the gut microbiota was also found. AIMD further aggravated cholestatic liver injury evidenced by significantly higher levels of plasma ALT and ALP, associated with further reduced diversity and increased Gram-negative bacteria in gut microbiota. Further analyses revealed increased levels of LPS in the plasma of AIMD-BDL mice where elevated expression of inflammatory genes and decreased expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes were also found in liver when compared to the BDL group. These findings indicate that gut microbiota plays a critical role in cholestatic liver injury. Maintaining its homeostasis may alleviate liver injury in patients with cholestasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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Review

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16 pages, 1843 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Modulation and Approaches for Prevention and Therapy
by Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, Javier Modrego, Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre, Walter Manucha and Natalia de las Heras
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512249 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1739
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients’ gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic [...] Read more.
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients’ gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic effects. Interestingly, certain strains of these bacteria produce metabolites that can target the S protein of other coronaviruses, thereby preventing their transmission and harmful effects. At the same time, the presence of gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the disease. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota can metabolize various foods and drugs, producing by-products that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. In this regard, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, can influence the overall inflammatory and oxidative state, affecting the prevention, treatment, or worsening of COVID-19. This review aims to explore the current evidence regarding gut dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19, its association with inflammation and oxidative stress, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the potential of gut microbiota modulation in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that gut microbiota has demonstrated high adaptability, exploring ways and strategies to maintain good intestinal health, as well as an appropriate diversity and composition of the gut microbiome, becomes crucial in the battle against COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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18 pages, 2677 KiB  
Review
Durvillaea antarctica: A Seaweed for Enhancing Immune and Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota Composition Modulation
by Marion Guerrero-Wyss, Caroline Yans, Arturo Boscán-González, Pablo Duran, Solange Parra-Soto and Lissé Angarita
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310779 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2815
Abstract
Durvillaea antarctica is the seaweed that is the most consumed by the Chilean population. It is recognized worldwide for its high nutritional value in protein, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. This is a narrative review in which an extensive search of the literature [...] Read more.
Durvillaea antarctica is the seaweed that is the most consumed by the Chilean population. It is recognized worldwide for its high nutritional value in protein, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. This is a narrative review in which an extensive search of the literature was performed to establish the immunomodulator, cardiometabolic, and gut microbiota composition modulation effect of Durvillaea antarctica. Several studies have shown the potential of Durvillaea antarctica to function as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota, which is related to anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects. The quantity of Bacteroides was negatively correlated with that of inflammatory monocytes and positively correlated with the levels of several gut metabolites. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides modulate the quantity and diversity of beneficial intestinal microbiota, decreasing phenol and p-cresol, which are related to intestinal diseases and the loss of intestinal function. Additionally, a beneficial metabolic effect related to this seaweed was observed, mainly promoting the decrease in the glycemic levels, lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. Consuming Durvillaea antarctica has a positive impact on the immune system, and its bioactive compounds provide beneficial effects on glycemic control and other metabolic parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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16 pages, 709 KiB  
Review
Microbiome Composition in Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review
by Aleksandra Garczyk, Marcin Mardas and Marta Stelmach-Mardas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087026 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1831
Abstract
Believed to be a rare cause of chronic diarrhoea, microscopic colitis (MC) is a condition with rising incidence. Many prevalent risk factors and the unknown pathogenesis of MC rationalise the need for studies on microbiota composition. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase [...] Read more.
Believed to be a rare cause of chronic diarrhoea, microscopic colitis (MC) is a condition with rising incidence. Many prevalent risk factors and the unknown pathogenesis of MC rationalise the need for studies on microbiota composition. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase were searched. Eight case-control studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Clinical details on the study population and MC were poor. The most consistent result among the studies was a decreased Akkermansia genus in faecal samples. Other results were inconsistent due to the different taxonomic levels of the outcomes. Possible changes in different taxa were observed in patients who suffered from MC compared to healthy controls. The alpha diversity compared between MC and the diarrhoea control may suggest potential similarities. The beta diversity in MC compared to healthy and diarrhoeal populations showed no significant outcomes. The microbiome composition in MC possibly differed from the healthy control, but no agreement regarding taxa was made. It might be relevant to focus on possible factors influencing the microbiome composition and its relationship with other diarrhoeal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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17 pages, 1386 KiB  
Review
Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
by Ahmad Al Samarraie, Maxime Pichette and Guy Rousseau
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5420; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065420 - 12 Mar 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7057
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the primary cause of death globally, with nine million deaths directly attributable to ischemic heart diseases in 2020. Since the last few decades, great effort has been put toward primary and secondary prevention strategies through identification and treatment [...] Read more.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the primary cause of death globally, with nine million deaths directly attributable to ischemic heart diseases in 2020. Since the last few decades, great effort has been put toward primary and secondary prevention strategies through identification and treatment of major cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Once labelled “the forgotten organ”, the gut microbiota has recently been rediscovered and has been found to play key functions in the incidence of ASCVD both directly by contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and indirectly by playing a part in the occurrence of fundamental cardiovascular risk factors. Essential gut metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been associated with the extent of ischemic heart diseases. This paper reviews the latest data on the impact of the gut microbiome in the incidence of ASCVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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19 pages, 1075 KiB  
Review
Microbiome in Immune-Mediated Uveitis
by Carmen Antía Rodríguez-Fernández, Manuel Busto Iglesias, Begoña de Domingo, Kelly Conde-Pérez, Juan A. Vallejo, Lorena Rodríguez-Martínez, Miguel González-Barcia, Victor Llorenç, Cristina Mondelo-Garcia, Margarita Poza and Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137020 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2932
Abstract
In the last decades, personalized medicine has been increasing its presence in different fields of medicine, including ophthalmology. A new factor that can help us direct medicine towards the challenge of personalized treatments is the microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role [...] Read more.
In the last decades, personalized medicine has been increasing its presence in different fields of medicine, including ophthalmology. A new factor that can help us direct medicine towards the challenge of personalized treatments is the microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role in controlling immune response, and dysbiosis has been associated with immune-mediated diseases such as non-infectious uveitis (NIU). In this review, we gather the published evidence, both in the pre-clinical and clinical studies, that support the possible role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of NIU, as well as the modulation of the gut microbiota as a new possible therapeutic target. We describe the different mechanisms that have been proposed to involve dysbiosis in the causality of NIU, as well as the potential pharmacological tools that could be used to modify the microbiome (dietary supplementation, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, immunomodulators, or biologic drugs) and, consequently, in the control of the NIU. Furthermore, there is increasing scientific evidence suggesting that the treatment with anti-TNF not only restores the composition of the gut microbiota but also that the study of the composition of the gut microbiome will help predict the response of each patient to anti-TNF treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0)
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