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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health
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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 27841

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Physiology Department, Medical School, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular disease; molecular biology; microbiota; atherosclerosis; heart failure; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Teresa Alarcón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: infectious diseases; H. pylori infection; microbiota; antimicrobial resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last several years there has been a tremendous change in our knowledge of physiopathological processes, with the discovery of the key role of gut microbiota in both health and disease. The gut microbiota is composed by trillions of microorganisms that have coevolved with humans for a mutually beneficial coexistence. Thus, alterations in gut microbiota composition and functions have been implicated in the onset of many diseases. The advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing platforms has accelerated the rate at which we obtain knowledge about the composition of the gut microbial communities. However, their functions and how they interact with the host is not fully known, and this is an interesting point since most bacteria are physically separated of the host by a mucus layer. In addition, host–microbiota interactions are bidirectional, although most studies have focused on the effect of microbiota on host metabolism. By contrast, host factors shaping the microbiota are not clear. The identification of molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota impacts systemically and distally on the host, and how the host could modulate gut microbiota, would enable us to better control many diseases, and to identify new ways to manipulate the microbiome, opening new opportunities for personalized medicine.

Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre
Dr. Teresa Alarcón
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Microbiota
  • Microbiome
  • Anti-microbial peptides
  • Gut metabolites
  • Short-chain fatty acids
  • Carotenoids
  • Indole and its derivates
  • Secondary bile acids
  • TMAO
  • Nutrition
  • Prebiotics
  • Probiotics
  • Cell Signaling
  • microRNA
  • Microvesicles
  • Immune system

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1678 KiB  
Article
Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Exploring Differences between Fructose and Antibiotics Exposure
by Chien-Ning Hsu, Julie Y. H. Chan, Kay L. H. Wu, Hong-Ren Yu, Wei-Chia Lee, Chih-Yao Hou and You-Lin Tain
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052674 - 6 Mar 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3840
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, in particular short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, are linked to hypertension. Fructose and antibiotics are commonly used worldwide, and they have a negative impact on the gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that maternal high-fructose (HF) diet-induced [...] Read more.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, in particular short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, are linked to hypertension. Fructose and antibiotics are commonly used worldwide, and they have a negative impact on the gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that maternal high-fructose (HF) diet-induced hypertension in adult offspring is relevant to altered gut microbiome and its metabolites. We, therefore, intended to examine whether minocycline administration during pregnancy and lactation may further affect blood pressure (BP) programmed by maternal HF intake via mediating gut microbiota and SCFAs. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal diet or diet containing 60% fructose throughout pregnancy and lactation periods. Additionally, pregnant dams received minocycline (50 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage or a vehicle during pregnancy and lactation periods. Four groups of male offspring were studied (n = 8 per group): normal diet (ND), high-fructose diet (HF), normal diet + minocycline (NDM), and HF + minocycline (HFM). Male offspring were killed at 12 weeks of age. We observed that the HF diet and minocycline administration, both individually and together, causes the elevation of BP in adult male offspring, while there is no synergistic effect between them. Four groups displayed distinct enterotypes. Minocycline treatment leads to an increase in the F/B ratio, but decreased abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Odoribacter. Additionally, minocycline treatment decreases plasma acetic acid and butyric acid levels. Hypertension programmed by maternal HF diet plus minocycline exposure is related to the increased expression of several SCFA receptors. Moreover, minocycline- and HF-induced hypertension, individually or together, is associated with the aberrant activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Conclusively, our results provide a new insight into the support of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCAFs in the developmental programming of hypertension and cast new light on the role of RAS in this process, which will help prevent hypertension programmed by maternal high-fructose and antibiotic exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health)
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16 pages, 4474 KiB  
Article
Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY and Bacteroides vulgatus Bvu—A Novel Competitive Heme Acquisition Strategy
by Klaudia Siemińska, Patryk Cierpisz, Michał Śmiga and Teresa Olczak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2237; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052237 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3069
Abstract
Human oral and gut microbiomes are crucial for maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the key etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis, can cause dysbiosis in the mouth and gut, which results in local and systemic infectious inflammatory diseases. Our [...] Read more.
Human oral and gut microbiomes are crucial for maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the key etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis, can cause dysbiosis in the mouth and gut, which results in local and systemic infectious inflammatory diseases. Our previous work resulted in extensive biochemical and functional characterization of one of the major P. gingivalis heme acquisition systems (Hmu), with the leading role played by the HmuY hemophore-like protein. We continued our studies on the homologous heme acquisition protein (Bvu) expressed by Bacteroides vulgatus, the dominant species of the gut microbiome. Results from spectrophotometric experiments showed that Bvu binds heme preferentially under reducing conditions using Met145 and Met172 as heme iron-coordinating ligands. Bvu captures heme bound to human serum albumin and only under reducing conditions. Importantly, HmuY is able to sequester heme complexed to Bvu. This is the first study demonstrating that B. vulgatus expresses a heme-binding hemophore-like protein, thus increasing the number of members of a novel HmuY-like family. Data gained in this study confirm the importance of HmuY in the context of P. gingivalis survival in regard to its ability to cause dysbiosis also in the gut microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health)
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Review

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26 pages, 1178 KiB  
Review
Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention
by Yuqi Wu, Chong-Zhi Wang, Jin-Yi Wan, Haiqiang Yao and Chun-Su Yuan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136933 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 8132
Abstract
The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in health maintenance and disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, epigenetic factors can serve as mediators to coordinate gut microbiota within the host. Aiming to dissect this interplay mechanism, the present review summarizes the research profile of gut microbiota and epigenetics in detail, and further interprets the biofunctions of this interplay, especially the regulation of intestinal inflammation, the improvement of metabolic disturbances, and the inhibition of colitis events. This review provides new insights into the interplay of epigenetics and gut microbiota, and attempts to reveal the mysteries of health maintenance and disease prevention from this new perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health)
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43 pages, 933 KiB  
Review
Effects of Microbiota Imbalance in Anxiety and Eating Disorders: Probiotics as Novel Therapeutic Approaches
by Elisabet Navarro-Tapia, Laura Almeida-Toledano, Giorgia Sebastiani, Mariona Serra-Delgado, Óscar García-Algar and Vicente Andreu-Fernández
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052351 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 11664
Abstract
Anxiety and eating disorders produce a physiological imbalance that triggers alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, the gut–brain axis can be altered by several factors such as diet, lifestyle, infections, and antibiotic treatment. Diet alterations generate gut dysbiosis, which [...] Read more.
Anxiety and eating disorders produce a physiological imbalance that triggers alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, the gut–brain axis can be altered by several factors such as diet, lifestyle, infections, and antibiotic treatment. Diet alterations generate gut dysbiosis, which affects immune system responses, inflammation mechanisms, the intestinal permeability, as well as the production of short chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters by gut microbiota, which are essential to the correct function of neurological processes. Recent studies indicated that patients with generalized anxiety or eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorders) show a specific profile of gut microbiota, and this imbalance can be partially restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation. Following the PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the main microbial signatures observed in patients with generalized anxiety and/or eating disorders as well as the importance of probiotics as a preventive or a therapeutic tool in these pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health)
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