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Advances and Mechanisms in Breast Cancer—2nd Edition
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Advances and Mechanisms in Breast Cancer—2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 731

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioannis Boutas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Breast Unit, REA Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
Interests: breast cancer; hormone receptors; triple negative; Her-2neu; pregnancy-associated breast cancer; gene mutations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplastic diseases in women, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Breast cancer treatment is based on a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists, such as breast surgeons, plastic surgeons, and radiation and medical oncologists, with the goal of reducing breast cancer mortality. Through research focused on the molecular aspects of breast cancer, novel treatment approaches are being developed.

There are numerous areas that remain to be addressed in research on this devastating disease. Thus, this Special Issue offers a timely opportunity to publish studies exploring the molecular aspects of breast cancer. Both original research and review articles are welcome, especially articles describing genes and molecular pathways that may serve as novel targets for experimental therapeutics and future clinical trials. It is expected that this Special Issue will become a useful resource for all investigators and clinicians interested in breast cancer research, and will inspire new research directions in the years to come.

Since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, studies that are purely clinical are not suitable. However, clinical or pure model submissions reflecting biomolecular experiments are welcome.

Dr. Ioannis Boutas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • genes and molecular pathways
  • targets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 3404 KB  
Article
Clinical Significance of Nuclear Yin-Yang Overexpression Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in Tissue Microarrays and Digital Pathology Analysis: A Useful Prognostic Tool for Breast Cancer
by Mayra Montecillo-Aguado, Giovanny Soca-Chafre, Gabriela Antonio-Andres, Belen Tirado-Rodriguez, Daniel Hernández-Cueto, Clara M. Rivera-Pazos, Marco A. Duran-Padilla, Sandra G. Sánchez-Ceja, Berenice Alcala-Mota-Velazco, Anel Gomez-Garcia, Sergio Gutierrez-Castellanos and Sara Huerta-Yepez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188777 - 9 Sep 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor implicated in gene regulation, cell proliferation, and survival. While its role in breast cancer (BC) has been explored, its prognostic significance remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated nuclear YY1 expression in 276 BC [...] Read more.
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor implicated in gene regulation, cell proliferation, and survival. While its role in breast cancer (BC) has been explored, its prognostic significance remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated nuclear YY1 expression in 276 BC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC), tissue microarrays (TMAs), and digital pathology (DP). Nuclear staining was quantified using Aperio ImageScope software, focusing on tumor regions to avoid confounding from stromal or non-tumor tissues. This selective and standardized approach enabled precise quantification of YY1 expression. Our results show elevated median YY1 expression in tumor vs. normal matched tissues (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff for medium-intensity nuclear YY1 expression in tumor areas for overall survival (OS) was established by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.587–0.849, p = 0.008). In contrast, ROC curves showed no prognostic impact (AUC and p-value) for YY1 quantification in whole spots (tumor + normal). As a categorical variable, high YY1 expression was correlated with more aggressive BC features, including tumor size > 3 cm (57.7% vs. 44.2% p = 0.037), the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) molecular subtype (27.3% vs. 13.9% p = 0.026), and advanced prognostic stage (III) (31.8% vs. 16.7% p = 0.003), while as a continuous variable, YY1 was associated with higher histological (p = 0.003) and nuclear grades (p = 0.022). High YY1 expression was significantly associated with a reduced OS of BC patients, as shown by Kaplan–Meier curves (HR = 2.227, p = 0.002). Since YY1 was significantly enriched in TNBC, we evaluated its prognostic resolution in this subgroup. But, probably due to the small number of patients within this subset, our results were not statistically significant (HR = 1.317, 95% CI: 0.510–3.405, p = 0.566). Next, we performed multivariate Cox regression, confirming YY1 as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 1.927, 95% CI: 1.144–3.247, p = 0.014). In order to improve prognostic value, we constructed a mathematical model derived from the multivariate Cox regression results, including YYI, AJCC prognostic stage (STA), and axillary lymph node dissection (ALN), with the following equation: h(t) = h0(t) × exp (0.695 × YY1 + 1.103 × STA − 0.503 × ALN). ROC analysis of this model showed a better AUC of 0.915, similar sensitivity (83.3%), and much higher specificity (92%). Bioinformatic analysis of public datasets supported these findings in BC, showing YY1 overexpression in multiple cancer types and its association with poor outcomes in BC. These results suggest that YY1 may play a role in tumor progression and serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker in BC. DP combined with molecular data enhanced biomarker accuracy, supporting clinical applications of YY1 in routine diagnostics and personalized therapy. Additionally, developing a combined score based on the modeling of multiple prognostic factors significantly enhanced survival predictions, representing a practical tool for risk stratification and the guidance of therapeutic decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Mechanisms in Breast Cancer—2nd Edition)
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