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Natural Compounds, Vitamins, and Polyphenols in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 2199

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Str. Visegradska 26/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: cardiovascular research; cardioprotection; experimental cardiometabolic models; endothelial dysfunction; experimental vascular models; gasotransmitters and oxidative stress; homocysteine and related vitamins; nutraceuticals and cardiovascular health; risk factors and cardiovascular health; vascular reactivity and mediators of inflammation; micronutrient deficiencies; atherosclerosis; environmental factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural compounds, vitamins, and polyphenols play significant roles in providing cardiovascular and metabolic protection and have a significant role in modern therapeutic approaches as well as in traditional medicine. These compounds have a wide range of biological activities with structural diversity compared to synthetic compounds and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help combat oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are key factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Vitamins like C, D, E, K, and B group vitamins, along with polyphenols such as flavonoids and resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, curcumin, etc., have been shown to promote heart health, regulate blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, reduce LDL cholesterol oxidation, promote HDL cholesterol production, provide endothelial and anti-thrombotic protection, reduce platelet aggregation, inhibit arterial calcification, reduce inflammation in adipose tissue, and enhance insulin sensitivity. Incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, grapes, tea, red wine, berries, peanuts, onions, apples, spices, and other plant-based foods into the diet can provide a rich source of these natural compounds, contributing to overall cardiovascular and metabolic well-being.

This Special Issue aims to publish high-quality research, and possible topics cover many aspects of research concerning natural compounds, vitamins, and polyphenols and their potential roles in providing cardiovascular and metabolic protection.

Prof. Dr. Dragan M. Djuric
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular protection
  • metabolic protection
  • natural compounds
  • polyphenols
  • vitamins

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 16210 KiB  
Article
Hypotensive and Cardioprotective Potential of Yellow Bedstraw Extract-Based Oral Liquid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
by Jovana Bradic, Anica Petrovic, Aleksandar Kocovic, Slobodanka Mitrovic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Nevena Lazarevic, Sergey Bolevich and Igor Simanic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8346; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158346 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 518
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare, characterize and assess the antioxidant activity of yellow bedstraw extracts (YBEs), focusing on identifying extracts with high antioxidant capacity. The selected extract was loaded into an oral liquid formulation and further investigated for its therapeutic potential in reducing [...] Read more.
This study aimed to prepare, characterize and assess the antioxidant activity of yellow bedstraw extracts (YBEs), focusing on identifying extracts with high antioxidant capacity. The selected extract was loaded into an oral liquid formulation and further investigated for its therapeutic potential in reducing blood pressure and associated complications in spontaneously hypertensive Wistar kyoto rats (SHR). Rats were divided into untreated SHR and SHR treated with a YBE-based oral formulation over four weeks. After treatment, blood pressure was measured, and cardiac function was assessed using the Langendorff technique to simulate ex vivo ischemic conditions. Prooxidant levels were assessed in plasma while antioxidant activity was evaluated in red blood cells. Histological analyses of heart, kidney, and liver samples were conducted to assess pathological changes induced by hypertension. Our results showed that the oral formulation loaded with ethanol YBE effectively reduced blood pressure, preserved myocardial function under ischemic stress, and decreased oxidative stress markers in blood. Importantly, our formulation with YBE demonstrated potential in attenuating structural kidney damage associated with hypertension. Overall, these findings suggest a cardioprotective effect of orally administered YBE formulation, highlighting its potential as an herbal supplement. However, clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore the extract’s suitability for clinical use. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 792 KiB  
Review
Diallyl Trisulfide and Cardiovascular Health: Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms
by Jovana Novakovic, Maja Muric, Jovana Bradic, Galina Ramenskaya, Vladimir Jakovljevic and Nevena Jeremic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189831 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 245
Abstract
Traditionally, garlic has a valuable role in preventing and reducing the incidence of many diseases and pathophysiological disorders. Consequently, some researchers have focused on the beneficial cardiovascular properties of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the most potent polysulfide isolated from garlic. Therefore, in this review, [...] Read more.
Traditionally, garlic has a valuable role in preventing and reducing the incidence of many diseases and pathophysiological disorders. Consequently, some researchers have focused on the beneficial cardiovascular properties of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the most potent polysulfide isolated from garlic. Therefore, in this review, we collected the available data on DATS, its biochemical synthesis, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, and gathered the current knowledge and the role of DATS in cardiovascular diseases. Overall, this review summarizes the cardioprotective effects of DATS and brings together all previous findings on its protective molecular mechanisms, which are mainly based on the potent anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of this polysulfide. Our review is an important cornerstone for further basic and clinical research on DATS as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous heart diseases. Full article
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20 pages, 2634 KiB  
Review
The Efficacy of Vitamins in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
by Paramjit S. Tappia, Anureet K. Shah and Naranjan S. Dhalla
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189761 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 555
Abstract
Vitamins are known to affect the regulation of several biochemical and metabolic pathways that influence cellular function. Adequate amounts of both hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamins are required for maintaining normal cardiac and vascular function, but their deficiencies can contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities. In [...] Read more.
Vitamins are known to affect the regulation of several biochemical and metabolic pathways that influence cellular function. Adequate amounts of both hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamins are required for maintaining normal cardiac and vascular function, but their deficiencies can contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities. In this regard, a deficiency in the lipophilic vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, and E, as well as in the hydrophilic vitamins, such as vitamin C and B, has been associated with suboptimal cardiovascular function, whereas additional intakes have been suggested to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Here, we have attempted to describe the association between low vitamin status and cardiovascular disease, and to offer a discussion on the efficacy of vitamins. While there are inconsistencies in the impact of a deficiency in vitamins on the development of cardiovascular disease and the benefits associated with supplementation, this review proposes that specific vitamins may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk rather than serve as an adjunct therapy. Full article
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