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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy
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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2024 | Viewed by 1724

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chih Hung Lo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Interests: neuroinflammation; neurodegeneration; neuroimmunology; lysosome biology; receptor signalling; single-cell spatial analysis; drug discovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. While some of these neurological disorders are associated with the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, including tau, β-amyloid, and α-synuclein, others are related to chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune cell functions. Impairments in lysosomal, autophagic, and mitochondrial functions have also been shown to play major roles in further promoting the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, while the crosstalk of different organelles remains to be investigated. On the other hand, aberrant receptor signaling is detrimental to neurons and glial cells as it can trigger various types of cell death. Besides understanding the pathogenic molecular pathways, it is also important to elucidate cellular phenotypes and cell–cell interactions in these diseases, including neuron–glia and glia–immune interactions, especially through omics characterizations. Together, these molecular mechanisms will provide insights into novel therapeutic developments and biomarker discovery for translational neuroscience applications. We invite authors to submit original articles and review articles highlighting the latest advances in probing molecular mechanisms and developing novel therapies for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Dr. Chih Hung Lo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuroinflammation
  • neurodegeneration
  • neuroimmunology
  • toxic protein aggregates
  • autolysosomal dysfunction
  • metabolic defects
  • aberrant receptor signaling
  • neuron-glia interactions
  • glia-immune interactions
  • omics characterizations
  • therapeutic development
  • biomarker discovery

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

8 pages, 649 KiB  
Review
IgLON5-IgG: Innocent Bystander or Perpetrator?
by Jane Andersen, Bronte Jeffrey, Winny Varikatt, Michael Rodriguez, Ming-Wei Lin and David A. Brown
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147956 (registering DOI) - 21 Jul 2024
Viewed by 238
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 (IgLON5-IgG)-associated disease is a newly defined clinical entity. This literature review aims to evaluate its pathogenesis, which remains a pivotal question. Features that favour a primary neurodegenerative mechanism include the non-inflammatory tauopathy neuropathological signature and overrepresentation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT [...] Read more.
Anti-IgLON5 (IgLON5-IgG)-associated disease is a newly defined clinical entity. This literature review aims to evaluate its pathogenesis, which remains a pivotal question. Features that favour a primary neurodegenerative mechanism include the non-inflammatory tauopathy neuropathological signature and overrepresentation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1/H1 genotype as seen in other sporadic tauopathies. In contrast, the cell-surface localisation of IgLON5, capability of anti-IgLON5 antibodies to exert direct in vitro pathogenicity and disrupt IgLON5 interactions with its binding partners, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*10:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:01 allele preponderance with high affinity binding of IgLON5 peptides, and responsiveness to immunotherapy favour a primary autoimmune process. The presentation and course of anti-IgLON5-associated disease is heterogenous; hence, we hypothesise that a multitude of immune mechanisms are likely simultaneously operational in this disease cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy)
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16 pages, 1650 KiB  
Review
Exploring Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Modulating Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of Inflammatory Markers and Potential Effects
by Karol Sadowski, Weronika Zając, Łukasz Milanowski, Dariusz Koziorowski and Monika Figura
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7741; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147741 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 268
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by numerous motor and non-motor symptoms. Recent data highlight a potential interplay between the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of PD. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD leads to motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by numerous motor and non-motor symptoms. Recent data highlight a potential interplay between the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of PD. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD leads to motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia), with antecedent gastrointestinal manifestations, most notably constipation. Consequently, the gut emerges as a plausible modulator in the neurodegenerative progression of PD. Key molecular changes in PD are discussed in the context of the gut–brain axis. Evidence suggests that the alterations in the gut microbiota composition may contribute to gastroenteric inflammation and influence PD symptoms. Disturbances in the levels of inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin -1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been observed in PD patients. These implicate the involvement of systemic inflammation in disease pathology. Fecal microbiota transplantation emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. It may mitigate inflammation by restoring gut homeostasis. Preclinical studies in animal models and initial clinical trials have shown promising results. Overall, understanding the interplay between inflammation, the gut microbiota, and PD pathology provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions. This review presents recent data about the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain in PD, specifically focusing on the involvement of inflammatory biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy)
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23 pages, 1975 KiB  
Review
Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
by Tingting Han, Yuxiang Xu, Haixuan Liu, Lin Sun, Xiangshu Cheng, Ying Shen and Jianshe Wei
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094920 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 750
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), as a neurologically implemented disease with complex etiological factors, has a complex and variable pathogenesis. Accompanying further research, neuroinflammation has been found to be one of the possible factors in its pathogenesis. Microglia, as intrinsic immune cells in the brain, [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD), as a neurologically implemented disease with complex etiological factors, has a complex and variable pathogenesis. Accompanying further research, neuroinflammation has been found to be one of the possible factors in its pathogenesis. Microglia, as intrinsic immune cells in the brain, play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis in the brain. However, over-activation of neurotoxic microglia in PD promotes neuroinflammation, which further increases dopaminergic (DA) neuronal damage and exacerbates the disease process. Therefore, targeting and regulating the functional state of microglia is expected to be a potential avenue for PD treatment. In addition, plant extracts have shown great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders due to their abundant resources, mild effects, and the presence of multiple active ingredients. However, it is worth noting that some natural products have certain toxic side effects, so it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish medicinal ingredients and usage and dosage when using to avoid aggravating the progression of diseases. In this review, the roles of microglia with different functional states in PD and the related pathways inducing microglia to transform into neuroprotective states are described. At the same time, it is discussed that abscisic acid (ABA) may regulate the polarization of microglia by targeting them, promote their transformation into neuroprotective state, reduce the neuroinflammatory response in PD, and provide a new idea for the treatment of PD and the selection of drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy)
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