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Molecular Insight into Tubular Mechanism for Handling Chronic Kidney Disease
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Molecular Insight into Tubular Mechanism for Handling Chronic Kidney Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 5231

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tomoaki Ishigami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Interests: hypertension; salt sensitivity; tubular transport; epithelial sodium channels; ubiquitination; Nedd4-2 and atherosclerosis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) include end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, which are defined as a decrease in renal function calculated by estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) and chronically persistent (more than 3 months in duration) kidney involvements including proteinuria. Instead of the conventional pathological classification that emphasizes the etiology and pathophysiology of renal disease such as glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, disease control based on the concept of being medicalized as chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming more viable. Estimated GFR has made it possible to quantitatively assess medical conditions, but unlike blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose, the treatments that specifically control GFR remain unresolved. For diabetes and hypertension, which are individual diseases that target the kidney, there are specific therapeutic means, and renal disorders will be resolved by providing treatment for the underlying disease. However, it is expected that only nutrition, metabolism, and lifestyle-related improvements are effective in eliminating CKD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover specific molecular targets which enable us to develop a new class of pharmaceutic procedures to treat CKD in medical settings.

Urinary tubules are highly differentiated human kidney tissues from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, through which urine passes and undergoes reabsorption and secretion of various solutes, ion, and organic acid by specific transporters and channels. Diuretics such as loop diuretics (NKCC2), thiazides (NCCT), amiloride (ENaC), and tolvaptan (AQP1) were developed to act on both sodium ion transporters and water channel, which are widely used for medical fields. Additionally, current advents for sodium glucose transporters are projected to be used to treat cardiac diseases, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney diseases. Thus, renal tubules and tubular mechanisms have been and will continue to be important sources of drug discovery targets for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Science, entitled “Molecular Insight into Tubular Mechanism for handling CKD (chronic kidney disease)”, we would like to invite your contributions in the form of either original research articles or reviews, which address the expanding field of mechanic, functional and pharmacological dissections about the physiological and pathological implications of urinary tubules for future medical inventories.

Dr. Tomoaki Ishigami
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • chronic kidney diseases

  • kidney disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • urinary tubules
  • pharmacological

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 8328 KiB  
Article
Blood Pressure Elevation of Tubular Specific (P)RR Transgenic Mice and Lethal Tubular Degeneration due to Possible Intracellular Interactions between (P)RR and Alternative Renin Products
by Sae Saigo, Tabito Kino, Kotaro Uchida, Takuya Sugawara, Lin Chen, Michiko Sugiyama, Kengo Azushima, Hiromichi Wakui, Kouichi Tamura and Tomoaki Ishigami
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010302 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
The prorenin/renin receptor ((P)RR) is a multifunctional protein that is widely distributed in various organs. Despite intensive research for more than 20 years, this receptor has not been fully characterized. In this study, we generated mice overexpressing the tubular epithelial (P)RR gene ((P)RR-TG [...] Read more.
The prorenin/renin receptor ((P)RR) is a multifunctional protein that is widely distributed in various organs. Despite intensive research for more than 20 years, this receptor has not been fully characterized. In this study, we generated mice overexpressing the tubular epithelial (P)RR gene ((P)RR-TG mice) to test the previously reported functional role of (P)RR by Ramkumar et al. in 2015 using tubular specific (P)RR KO mice. (P)RR-TG mice were maintained and analyzed in individual metabolic cages and were administered angiotensin II blocker (ARB), direct renin inhibitor (DRI), and bafilomycin, that is, vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) antagonist. (P)RR-TG mice were hypertensive and had alkalized urine with lower osmolality and Na+ excretion. ARB and DRI, but not bafilomycin, concurrently decreased blood pressure. Bafilomycin acidized urine of (P)RR-TG mice, or equivalently this phenomenon restored the effect of overexpressed transgene, suggesting that (P)RR functioned as a V-ATPase in renal tubules. Afterall, (P)RR-TG mice were mated with alternative renin transgenic mice (ARen2-TG), which we identified as intracellular renin previously, to generate double transgenic mice (DT-TG). Lethal renal tubular damage was observed in DT-TG mice, suggesting that intracellular renin may be a ligand for (P)RR in tubules. In summary, (P)RR did not substantially affect the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in our model of tubular specific (P)RR gene over-expression, but alternative intracellular renin may be involved in (P)RR signaling in addition to conventional V-ATPase function. Further investigations are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insight into Tubular Mechanism for Handling Chronic Kidney Disease)
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Review

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12 pages, 901 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Na-Cl Cotransporter in Relation to Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Lijuan Liang and Tatsuo Shimosawa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010286 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common clinical disease with an increasing incidence, affecting 10 to 15% of the world’s population. Hypertension is the most common and modifiable risk factor for preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. A survey from developed [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common clinical disease with an increasing incidence, affecting 10 to 15% of the world’s population. Hypertension is the most common and modifiable risk factor for preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. A survey from developed countries shows that 47% of hypertensive patients over the age of 20 have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), and the control rate is even lower in developing countries. CKD is both a common cause of uncontrolled hypertension and a risk factor for altered sequelae. In particular, studies have demonstrated that abnormal blood-pressure patterns in CKD patients, such as non-dipping-blood-pressure patterns, are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a region of the kidney, and although only 5–10% of the sodium (Na+) filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by DCT, most studies agree that Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in human, rabbit, mouse, and rat kidneys is the most important route of sodium reabsorption across the DCT for maintaining the homeostasis of sodium. The regulation of NCC involves a large and complex network structure, including certain physiological factors, kinases, scaffold proteins, transporter phosphorylation, and other aspects. This regulation network includes various levels. Naturally, cross-talk between the components of this system must occur in order to relay the important signals to the transporter to play its role. Knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NCC activation is critical for understanding and treating hypertension and CKD. Previous studies from our laboratory have investigated the mechanisms through which NCC is activated in several different models. In the following sections, we review the literature on the mechanisms of NCC in relation to hypertension in CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insight into Tubular Mechanism for Handling Chronic Kidney Disease)
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