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Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0
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Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 16665

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Satya Prakash

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
Interests: drug delivery; gene therapy; biomedicine; nanoparticles; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; the microbiome; probiotics; chronic diseases; Alzheimer’s; cancer; aging; targeted delivery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Probiotics have shown significant human health benefits for the majority of human diseases. Probiotics are predicted to be useful in the prevention and therapy of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, inflammatory bowel diseases, neurological disorders, and other chronic diseases. Significant advancements have been made in microbiome and probiotic research. These include the development of mechanism-based probiotics, novel delivery methods such as micro/nanocapsules and powders, the design of probiotic formulations in food and drinks, and other innovations.

This Special Issue will cover the state of the art of research in probiotics’ role in human health and disease. Both original research articles and reviews on this subject are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Satya Prakash
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • probiotics
  • microbiome
  • human health
  • live bacteria
  • biomedicine
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • cancers
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • neurological disorders
  • chronic diseases

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3113 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2
by Galina Leontieva, Tatiana Gupalova, Yulia Desheva, Tatiana Kramskaya, Elena Bormotova, Irina Koroleva, Olga Kopteva and Alexander Suvorov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010215 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1009
Abstract
Following the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the persistent genetic variability in the virus and its ongoing circulation within the global population necessitate the enhancement of existing preventive vaccines and the development of novel ones. A while back, we engineered an orally administered [...] Read more.
Following the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the persistent genetic variability in the virus and its ongoing circulation within the global population necessitate the enhancement of existing preventive vaccines and the development of novel ones. A while back, we engineered an orally administered probiotic-based vaccine, L3-SARS, by integrating a gene fragment that encodes the spike protein S of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3, inducing the expression of viral antigen on the surface of bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated the efficacy of this vaccine candidate in providing protection against the virus in Syrian hamsters. In this present study, utilizing laboratory mice, we assess the immune response subsequent to immunization via the gastrointestinal mucosa and discuss its potential as an initial phase in a two-stage vaccination strategy. Our findings indicate that the oral administration of L3-SARS elicits an adaptive immune response in mice. Pre-immunization with L3-SARS enhances and prolongs the humoral immune response following a single subcutaneous immunization with a recombinant S-protein analogous to the S-insert of the coronavirus in Enterococcus faecium L3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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19 pages, 2332 KiB  
Article
Safety Evaluation and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23
by Chin-Hao Li, Tai-Ying Chen, Chien-Chen Wu, Shih-Hsuan Cheng, Min-Yu Chang, Wei-Hong Cheng, Shih-Hau Chiu, Chien-Chi Chen, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Deng-Jye Yang, Jaw-Jou Kang and Po-Lin Liao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010724 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain PS23 (PS23) exhibits some probiotic properties. In this study, a genomic analysis of PS23 revealed no genes related to virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moreover, ornithine decarboxylase activity was not detected in vitro. In addition, PS23 was sensitive to the tested [...] Read more.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain PS23 (PS23) exhibits some probiotic properties. In this study, a genomic analysis of PS23 revealed no genes related to virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moreover, ornithine decarboxylase activity was not detected in vitro. In addition, PS23 was sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Genotoxicity tests for PS23 including the Ames test and chromosomal aberrations in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary cells and micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice were all negative. Moreover, following a 28-day study involving repeated oral dose toxicity tests (40, 400, and 4000 mg/kg equal 1.28 × 1010, 1.28 × 1011, and 1.28 × 1012 CFU/kg body weight, respectively) using an ICR mouse model, no adverse effects were observed from any doses. In addition, supplementation with live or heat-killed PS23 ameliorates DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice. Our findings suggest that PS23 is safe and has anti-inflammatory effects and may therefore have therapeutic implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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Review

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14 pages, 2390 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Development of Acute Pancreatitis
by Ruilin Zhou, Qingyang Wu, Zihan Yang, Yanna Cai, Duan Wang and Dong Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021159 - 18 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
With the explosion research on the gut microbiome in the recent years, much insight has been accumulated in comprehending the crosstalk between the gut microbiota community and host health. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the gastrointestinal diseases associated with significant morbidity and [...] Read more.
With the explosion research on the gut microbiome in the recent years, much insight has been accumulated in comprehending the crosstalk between the gut microbiota community and host health. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the gastrointestinal diseases associated with significant morbidity and subsequent mortality. Studies have elucidated that gut microbiota are engaged in the pathological process of AP. Herein, we summarize the major roles of the gut microbiome in the development of AP. We then portray the association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the severity of AP. Finally, we illustrate the promises and challenges that arise when seeking to incorporate the microbiome in acute pancreatitis treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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22 pages, 848 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Approach Targeting Gut Microbiome in Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases
by Ziying Han, Yiyang Min, Ke Pang and Dong Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115654 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
While emerging evidence highlights the significance of gut microbiome in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, treatments like Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are gaining popularity, especially for diarrhea patients. However, the specific role of the gut microbiome in different gastrointestinal infectious diseases remains uncertain. [...] Read more.
While emerging evidence highlights the significance of gut microbiome in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, treatments like Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are gaining popularity, especially for diarrhea patients. However, the specific role of the gut microbiome in different gastrointestinal infectious diseases remains uncertain. There is no consensus on whether gut modulation therapy is universally effective for all such infections. In this comprehensive review, we examine recent developments of the gut microbiome’s involvement in several gastrointestinal infectious diseases, including infection of Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae, enteric viruses, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Giardia duodenalis. We have also incorporated information about fungi and engineered bacteria in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, aiming for a more comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiome. This review will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiome while exploring the microbiome’s potential in the prevention, diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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18 pages, 2504 KiB  
Review
Updates on the Role of Probiotics against Different Health Issues: Focus on Lactobacillus
by Arifa Un-Nisa, Amjad Khan, Muhammad Zakria, Sami Siraj, Shakir Ullah, Muhammad Khalid Tipu, Muhammad Ikram and Myeong Ok Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010142 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5370
Abstract
This review article is built on the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus against different diseases, and a special focus has been made on its effects against neurological disorders, such as depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Probiotics are live microbes, which are found [...] Read more.
This review article is built on the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus against different diseases, and a special focus has been made on its effects against neurological disorders, such as depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Probiotics are live microbes, which are found in fermented foods, beverages, and cultured milk and, when administered in an adequate dose, confer health benefits to the host. They are known as “health-friendly bacteria”, normally residing in the human gut and involved in maintaining homeostatic conditions. Imbalance in gut microbiota results in the pathophysiology of several diseases entailing the GIT tract, skin, immune system, inflammation, and gut–brain axis. Recently, the use of probiotics has gained tremendous interest, because of their profound effects on the management of these disease conditions. Recent findings suggest that probiotics enrichment in different human and mouse disease models showed promising beneficial effects and results in the amelioration of disease symptoms. Thus, this review focuses on the current probiotics-based products, different disease models, variable markers measured during trials, and evidence obtained from past studies on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of different diseases, covering the skin to the central nervous system diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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27 pages, 1416 KiB  
Review
Renal Health Improvement in Diabetes through Microbiome Modulation of the Gut–Kidney Axis with Biotics: A Systematic and Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Pradipta Paul, Ridhima Kaul and Ali Chaari
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14838; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314838 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2788
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, with over 20% of patients ultimately developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a complex nephropathic complication that is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Various clinical trials have utilized probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide, with over 20% of patients ultimately developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a complex nephropathic complication that is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Various clinical trials have utilized probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to attempt to positively modulate the gut microbiome via the gut–kidney axis, but consensus is limited. We conducted a multi-database systematic review to investigate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on various biomarkers of renal health in diabetes, based on studies published through 10 April 2022. Adhering to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, relevant articles were systematically screened and extracted by independent reviewers; subsequently, results were systematically compiled, analyzed, and expanded through a narrative discussion. A total of 16 publications encompassing 903 diabetic individuals met the inclusion criteria. Our findings show that some studies report statistically significant changes in common renal markers, such as serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen/urea, microalbuminuria, and uric acid, but not on serum albumin, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, or total urine protein. Interestingly, these nutraceuticals seem to increase serum uric acid concentrations, an inflammatory marker usually associated with decreased renal health. We found that probiotics from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium families were the most investigated, followed by Streptococcus thermophilus. Prebiotics including inulin, galacto-oligosaccharide, and resistant dextrin were also examined. The single-species probiotic soymilk formulation of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 possessed effects on multiple renal biomarkers in DKD patients without adverse events. We further investigated the optimum nutraceutical formulation, discussed findings from prior studies, described the gut–kidney axis in diabetes and DKD, and finally commented on some possible mechanisms of action of these nutraceuticals on renal health in diabetics. Although probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have shown some potential in ameliorating renal health degradation in diabetes via gut–kidney axis crosstalk, larger and more convincing trials with focused objectives and next-generation nutraceutical formulations are required to investigate their possible role as adjunct therapy in such patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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