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Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms
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Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 3875

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Roberto Chiarelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: metals toxicity; emerging aquatic pollutants; metallodrugs; stress; sea urchin embryos; autophagy; apoptosis; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The toxicity of chemical and physical agents in aquatic organisms has been a central research topic for a long time. Several stressors derive from both natural and anthropic sources. Contaminants from industrial waste or from pharmaceutical applications represent a relevant problem. For example, many metals, when used as metallodrugs, generate pharmaceutical residues that cannot be removed from water decontamination plants. Consequently, aquatic organisms have to cope with this increasing environmental stress and represent excellent systems to investigate the mechanisms of toxicity.

In this Special Issue, we welcome the submission of original research, full reviews, and short communications that cover the following topics related to the aquatic environment:

  • Model systems for toxicological studies;
  • Toxic mechanisms induced by physical or chemical stresses;
  • Bioaccumulation of toxic substances;
  • Defense strategies in response to toxic stresses;
  • Morpho-functional, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying metals, heavy metals, metalloids, metal-containing compounds, organic compounds, and any physical stress;
  • Toxic effects related to climate change.

Studies that report concentrations of chemicals, at environmental and/or cytotoxic doses, will be welcome.

Dr. Roberto Chiarelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metals toxicity
  • bioindicators model systems
  • embryo-cyto-toxicity
  • morpho-functional toxicity
  • cellular and tissue toxicology
  • reproduction toxicology
  • molecular mechanisms
  • cell survival
  • cell stress
  • cell death
  • autophagy
  • apoptosis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5767 KiB  
Article
Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals
by Katie O’Rourke, Beatrice Engelmann, Rolf Altenburger, Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk and Konstantinos Grintzalis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044100 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are among several classes of contaminants of emerging concern, such as pesticides, heavy metals and personal care products, all of which are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems. The hazards posed by the presence of pharmaceutical is one which affects both [...] Read more.
Pharmaceutical compounds are among several classes of contaminants of emerging concern, such as pesticides, heavy metals and personal care products, all of which are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems. The hazards posed by the presence of pharmaceutical is one which affects both freshwater organisms and human health—via non-target effects and by the contamination of drinking water sources. The molecular and phenotypic alterations of five pharmaceuticals which are commonly present in the aquatic environment were explored in daphnids under chronic exposures. Markers of physiology such as enzyme activities were combined with metabolic perturbations to assess the impact of metformin, diclofenac, gabapentin, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil on daphnids. Enzyme activity of markers of physiology included phosphatases, lipase, peptidase, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities. Furthermore, targeted LC-MS/MS analysis focusing on glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle intermediates was performed to assess metabolic alterations. Exposure to pharmaceuticals resulted in the changes in activity for several enzymes of metabolism and the detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. Metabolic perturbations on key pathways revealed distinct groups and metabolic fingerprints for the different exposures and their mixtures. Chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals at low concentrations revealed significant alterations of metabolic and physiological endpoints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms)
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21 pages, 4219 KiB  
Article
Vanadium Modulates Proteolytic Activities and MMP-14-Like Levels during Paracentrotus lividus Embryogenesis
by Roberto Chiarelli, Chiara Martino, Rosaria Scudiero and Fabiana Geraci
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14238; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214238 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1291
Abstract
The increasing industrial use of vanadium (V), as well as its recent medical use in various pathologies has intensified its environmental release, making it an emerging pollutant. The sea urchin embryo has long been used to study the effects induced by metals, including [...] Read more.
The increasing industrial use of vanadium (V), as well as its recent medical use in various pathologies has intensified its environmental release, making it an emerging pollutant. The sea urchin embryo has long been used to study the effects induced by metals, including V. In this study we used an integrated approach that correlates the biological effects on embryo development with proteolytic activities of gelatinases that could better reflect any metal-induced imbalances. V-exposure caused morphological/morphometric aberrations, mainly concerning the correct distribution of embryonic cells, the development of the skeleton, and the embryo volume. Moreover, V induced a concentration change in all the gelatinases expressed during embryo development and a reduction in their total proteolytic activity. The presence of three MMP-like gelatinases (MMP-2, -9, and -14) was also demonstrated and their levels depended on V-concentration. In particular, the MMP-14-like protein modified its expression level during embryo development in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This enzyme also showed a specific localization on filopodia, suggesting that primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) could be responsible for its synthesis. In conclusion, these results indicate that an integrated study among morphology/morphometry, proteolytic activity, and MMP-14 expression constitutes an important response profile to V-action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms)
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