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New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Gynecological Cancers 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 5427

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Research Unit on Women’s Health-INCLIVA, Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2. Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: endometrial cancer; endometriosis; animal models; immunotherapy; RANK; angiogenesis; fertility; pain

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endometrial and ovarian tumours are the most preponderant and deadliest gynaecological cancers. Classical chemo and radio therapeutic approaches are hampered by toxicity and show limited efficacy especially at advanced disease stages. In this scenario, the identification of key targets and development of new therapies are in demand. This Special Issue is open to studies aimed at the (1) identification/description of new relevant pathways in the onset and progression of the disease and (2) assessment of the potential therapeutic effects of alternative approaches by functional experimentation in disease models: 

  1. Identification/description of new pathways/targets is expected to include in vitro experiments for the identification of novel targets for the treatment and/or characterization of novel pathways involved in the onset and/or progression of any ovarian/endometrial cancer subtype. For example, better knowledge of the pathways transduced by oncogenes (K-ras, P53, etc.) might identify alternative targets for subsequent intervention and thus overcome classical limitations in targeting oncogenes. Since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, pure clinical studies are not suitable unless combined with biomolecular analysis. In this regard, exploratory studies identifying overexpressed/downregulated potential targets in clinical samples might be covered by this Issue as long as a) expression is described at the mRNA and protein level simultaneously and b) analysis extends over different types/subtypes of either endometrial or ovarian cancer so as to identify master regulators of disease progression.
  2. The evaluation of therapeutic potential of alternative approaches is expected to include “functional experimentation” in “preclinical models” of endometrial and ovarian cancer. “Preclinical” refers to studies in homologous or heterologous animal models of disease and also in in vitro models with special interest in those using organoids as the subject of experimentation,. The term “functional experimentation” includes any kind of pharmacological or biological intervention, where the effects of alternative (other than chemotherapy) therapies are assayed. Interventions of interest in the models covered by the topic are exemplified by (but not limited to) immunotherapy, vaccines, nanoparticles, or CAR-T therapies.

Dr. Raúl Gómez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • immunotherapy
  • new targets
  • animal models
  • humanized mouse models
  • organoids
  • nanoparticles
  • CAR-T
  • oncogenes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2342 KiB  
Article
Expression of Progesterone Receptor A as an Independent Negative Prognosticator for Cervical Cancer
by Fabian Garrido, Carl Mathis Wild, Udo Jeschke, Christian Dannecker, Doris Mayr, Vincent Cavailles, Sven Mahner, Bernd Kost, Helene H. Heidegger and Aurelia Vattai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032815 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1807
Abstract
The role of progesterone receptor A (PRA) for the survival outcome of cervical cancer patients is ambiguous. In mouse models, it has been shown that PRA plays a rather protective role in cancer development. The aim of this study was to assess its [...] Read more.
The role of progesterone receptor A (PRA) for the survival outcome of cervical cancer patients is ambiguous. In mouse models, it has been shown that PRA plays a rather protective role in cancer development. The aim of this study was to assess its expression by immunohistochemistry in 250 cervical cancer tissue samples and to correlate the results with clinicopathological parameters including patient survival. PRA expression was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification scores. PRA was significantly overexpressed in adenocarcinomas compared to squamous epithelial carcinoma subtypes. Correlation analyses revealed a trend association with the HPV virus protein E6, a negative correlation with p16 and a positive correlation with EP3. PRA expression was also associated with the expression of RIP140, a transcriptional coregulator that we previously identified as a negative prognostic factor for survival in cervical cancer patients. Univariate survival analyses revealed PRA as a negative prognosticator for survival in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analyses showed that simultaneous expression of RIP140 and PRA was associated with the worst survival, whereas with negative RIP140, PRA expression alone was associated with the best survival. We can therefore assume that the effect of nuclear PRA on overall survival is dependent upon nuclear RIP140 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Gynecological Cancers 2.0)
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Review

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22 pages, 2615 KiB  
Review
BRCA Mutations—The Achilles Heel of Breast, Ovarian and Other Epithelial Cancers
by Anna P. Loboda, Leonid S. Adonin, Svetlana D. Zvereva, Dmitri Y. Guschin, Tatyana V. Korneenko, Alexandra V. Telegina, Olga K. Kondratieva, Sofia E. Frolova, Nikolay B. Pestov and Nick A. Barlev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4982; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054982 - 5 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3131
Abstract
Two related tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, attract a lot of attention from both fundamental and clinical points of view. Oncogenic hereditary mutations in these genes are firmly linked to the early onset of breast and ovarian cancers. However, the molecular [...] Read more.
Two related tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, attract a lot of attention from both fundamental and clinical points of view. Oncogenic hereditary mutations in these genes are firmly linked to the early onset of breast and ovarian cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive extensive mutagenesis in these genes are not known. In this review, we hypothesize that one of the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon can be mediated by Alu mobile genomic elements. Linking mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to the general mechanisms of genome stability and DNA repair is critical to ensure the rationalized choice of anti-cancer therapy. Accordingly, we review the literature available on the mechanisms of DNA damage repair where these proteins are involved, and how the inactivating mutations in these genes (BRCAness) can be exploited in anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss a hypothesis explaining why breast and ovarian epithelial tissues are preferentially susceptible to mutations in BRCA genes. Finally, we discuss prospective novel therapeutic approaches for treating BRCAness cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Gynecological Cancers 2.0)
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