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Adipocyte Functionality in Whole-Body Metabolic Regulation
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Adipocyte Functionality in Whole-Body Metabolic Regulation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 6658

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, Box 432, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: adipose tissue biology; metabolism; adipose tissue remodeling; adipocyte; macrophage; mitochondria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adipose tissue functionality plays a key role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Functional adipose tissue can effectively expand to store excess nutrients during caloric overload – that way, other tissues are protected against deleterious lipid deposition. Besides this energy storage function, adipose tissue secretes a large number of cytokines and hormones (commonly referred to as adipokines) that affect immunological and metabolic processes locally as well as systemically.

However, these adipose tissue functions are often impaired in obesity. While healthy adipose tissue displays appropriate interplay between different adipose tissue-resident cells such as adipocytes and macrophages, obese dysfunctional adipose tissue is characterized by overactive innate and adaptive immune responses in addition to disturbed adipokine release. Moreover, dysfunctional adipose tissue may also display altered mitochondrial function as well as enhanced adipocyte hypertrophy, implying reduced recruitment of new adipocytes.

In this Special Issue of IJMS, the focus will be on expanding adipose tissue and the resulting issues that trigger loss of proper immune regulation and adipocyte dysfunction.

Dr. Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adipose tissue
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • tissue remodeling
  • adipokines
  • obesity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2406 KiB  
Article
Healthy Subcutaneous and Omental Adipose Tissue Is Associated with High Expression of Extracellular Matrix Components
by Matúš Soták, Meenu Rohini Rajan, Madison Clark, Christina Biörserud, Ville Wallenius, Carolina E. Hagberg and Emma Börgeson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010520 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
Obesity is associated with extensive expansion and remodeling of the adipose tissue architecture, including its microenvironment and extracellular matrix (ECM). Although obesity has been reported to induce adipose tissue fibrosis, the composition of the ECM under healthy physiological conditions has remained underexplored and [...] Read more.
Obesity is associated with extensive expansion and remodeling of the adipose tissue architecture, including its microenvironment and extracellular matrix (ECM). Although obesity has been reported to induce adipose tissue fibrosis, the composition of the ECM under healthy physiological conditions has remained underexplored and debated. Here, we used a combination of three established techniques (picrosirius red staining, a colorimetric hydroxyproline assay, and sensitive gene expression measurements) to evaluate the status of the ECM in metabolically healthy lean (MHL) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) subjects. We investigated ECM deposition in the two major human adipose tissues, namely the omental and subcutaneous depots. Biopsies were obtained from the same anatomic region of respective individuals. We found robust ECM deposition in MHL subjects, which correlated with high expression of collagens and enzymes involved in ECM remodeling. In contrast, MUO individuals showed lower expression of ECM components but elevated levels of ECM cross-linking and adhesion proteins, e.g., lysyl oxidase and thrombospondin. Our data suggests that subcutaneous fat is more prone to express proteins involved in ECM remodeling than omental adipose tissues. We conclude that a more dynamic ability to deposit and remodel ECM may be a key signature of healthy adipose tissue, and that subcutaneous fat may adapt more readily to changing metabolic conditions than omental fat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipocyte Functionality in Whole-Body Metabolic Regulation)
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20 pages, 3016 KiB  
Article
Estrogen Impairs Adipose Tissue Expansion and Cardiometabolic Profile in Obese-Diabetic Female Rats
by Melanie Raquel Martínez-Cignoni, Agustí González-Vicens, Andrea Morán-Costoya, Ana María Proenza, Magdalena Gianotti, Adamo Valle and Isabel Lladó
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13573; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413573 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3240
Abstract
It has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) can exert beneficial effects against the development of obesity, providing women with a healthier metabolic profile and conferring cardiovascular protection. However, a growing body of evidence questions this role in the context of obesity and diabetes. [...] Read more.
It has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) can exert beneficial effects against the development of obesity, providing women with a healthier metabolic profile and conferring cardiovascular protection. However, a growing body of evidence questions this role in the context of obesity and diabetes. We focus on the adipose tissue–heart axis to address the question of whether E2 can have metabolically detrimental effects in an obese-diabetic rat model. Female Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were used: LEAN, fa/+; SHAM, sham-operated fa/fa; OVA, ovariectomized fa/fa, and OVA+E2, ovariectomized and E2 treated fa/fa. The secretory expression profile, tissue expansion parameters and composition of visceral adipose tissue, as well as systemic and cardiac parameters related to insulin resistance, fibrosis, and inflammation were analyzed. Ovariectomy induced an attenuation of both diabetic condition and metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue and cardiac muscle in fa/fa rats, suggesting that E2, in the context of diabetes and obesity, loses its cardioprotective role and could even contribute to greater metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue from OVA rats showed a healthier hyperplastic expansion pattern, which could help maintain tissue function, increase adiponectin expression, and decrease pro-inflammatory adipokines. These findings should be taken into account when considering hormone replacement therapy for obese-diabetic women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipocyte Functionality in Whole-Body Metabolic Regulation)
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