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Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
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Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 17333

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maurizio Forte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; autophagy; nutraceuticals; stroke; mitochondrial dysfunction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Albino Carrizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: blood vessels; cerebrovascular disorders; cardiovascular disorders; endothelial function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including heart failure, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome, are serious health issues that affect the general population worldwide. Lifestyle improvements and improved nutrition appear to be efficacious strategies for reducing the effects of cardio-metabolic diseases and their associated risk factors. Nutraceuticals exert promising health-promoting effects, both for prevention of disease and to support current therapies, as observed in preclinical and clinical studies. The reduction of oxidative stress is one of the target mechanisms common to many nutraceuticals, but compelling evidence has also shown the ability of these molecules to modulate additional signalling, such as cell clearing systems, mitochondrial metabolism, and nutrient sensing pathways, which are usually dysregulated in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, many aspects concerning the use of nutraceuticals in human diseases should be further clarified. Plasma bioavailability and tissue distribution after intake are not well characterized for many nutraceuticals, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects are not fully understood. The identification of new nutraceuticals in natural sources is also encouraged.

This Special Issue will focus on the role of nutraceuticals in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We invite authors to submit original articles covering studies performed as basic research, applied research, pre-clinical models of diseases, and review articles.

Dr. Maurizio Forte
Dr. Albino Carrizzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutraceuticals
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic diseases
  • oxidative stress
  • bioactive compounds
  • metabolic syndrome
  • heart failure
  • diabetes
  • vascular dysfunction
  • atherosclerosis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5344 KiB  
Article
Fuziline Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Activating Beta Adrenergic Receptors to Stimulate Thermogenesis
by He Gao, Zhenqiang Li, Chuanjing Cheng, Jing Cui, Jiamin Peng, Xiaoying Wang, Man Zhang, Yuanyuan Hou and Gang Bai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098362 - 6 May 2023
Viewed by 1333
Abstract
Radix aconiti carmichaeli is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Patients with these diseases often experience a heat generation disorder, which is characterized by chilliness and can worsen the [...] Read more.
Radix aconiti carmichaeli is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Patients with these diseases often experience a heat generation disorder, which is characterized by chilliness and can worsen the progression of the disease. This study established an in vitro screening model combining the examination of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial temperature to screen drugs with thermogenic activity. After differentiation and determination of the content of characteristic metabolites of the drug-containing serum blood components, it was found that Fuziline (FZL) is the key thermogenic property in Radix aconiti carmichaeli, responsible for its thermogenic effects with a high relative importance of 33%. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermogenic activity of Radix aconiti carmichaeli and FZL in vivo by assessing temperature changes in various organs, including the rectum, liver, and brown adipose tissue. Moreover, the effects of intracellular β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonistic effects were evaluated using transient β3-AR transfection and dual-luciferase assay systems. The molecular mechanism by which FZL promotes thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial function was investigated by verifying the β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) downstream signaling pathway. The results suggest that FZL activates β-AR nonselectively, which in turn activates the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and leads to an increase in liver glycogenolysis and triglyceride hydrolysis, accompanied by enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the liver and brown adipose tissue receive energy to generate heat. In summary, these findings provide insight into the therapeutic application of Radix aconiti carmichaeli for metabolic disorders associated with heat generation disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases)
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Review

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22 pages, 1444 KiB  
Review
Role of Terpenophenolics in Modulating Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review
by Muhamad Adib Abdul Ghani, Azizah Ugusman, Jalifah Latip and Satirah Zainalabidin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5339; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065339 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
One in every three deaths worldwide is caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), estimating a total of 17.9 million deaths annually. By 2030, it is expected that more than 24 million people will die from CVDs related complications. The most common CVDs are coronary [...] Read more.
One in every three deaths worldwide is caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), estimating a total of 17.9 million deaths annually. By 2030, it is expected that more than 24 million people will die from CVDs related complications. The most common CVDs are coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. A plethora of studies has shown inflammation causing both short-term and long-term damage to the tissues in many organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. In parallel to inflammation processes, it has been discovered that apoptosis, a mode of programmed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development due to the loss of cardiomyocytes. Terpenophenolic compounds are comprised of terpenes and natural phenols as secondary metabolites by plants and are commonly found in the genus Humulus and Cannabis. A growing body of evidence has shown that terpenophenolic compounds exhibit protective properties against inflammation and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of terpenophenolic compounds in protecting the cardiovascular system, i.e., bakuchiol, ferruginol, carnosic acid, carnosol, carvacrol, thymol and hinokitiol. The potential of these compounds is discussed as the new nutraceutical drugs that may help to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases)
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25 pages, 16375 KiB  
Review
The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Moving beyond Adiponectin
by Han Na Jung and Chang Hee Jung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13529; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413529 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3598
Abstract
The global burden of obesity has multiplied owing to its rapidly growing prevalence and obesity-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to the classic role of depositing extra energy, adipose tissue actively interferes with the metabolic balance by means of secreting bioactive compounds called [...] Read more.
The global burden of obesity has multiplied owing to its rapidly growing prevalence and obesity-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to the classic role of depositing extra energy, adipose tissue actively interferes with the metabolic balance by means of secreting bioactive compounds called adipokines. While most adipokines give rise to inflammatory conditions, the others with anti-inflammatory properties have been the novel focus of attention for the amelioration of cardiometabolic complications. This review compiles the current evidence on the roles of anti-inflammatory adipokines, namely, adiponectin, vaspin, the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), and omentin-1 on cardiometabolic health. Further investigations on the mechanism of action and prospective human trials may pave the way to their clinical application as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases)
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25 pages, 1395 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction
by Pamela Senesi, Anna Ferrulli, Livio Luzi and Ileana Terruzzi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 7772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157772 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3451
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most promising nutritional approach capable of improving cardiometabolic health. However, adherence to CR represents a barrier to patients and is the primary cause of therapeutic failure. To overcome this problem, many different nutraceutical strategies have been designed. Based on several data that have shown that CR action is mediated by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, several nutraceutical compounds capable of activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent data on the possible role of berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, and L-carnitine as CR-related nutrients. Additionally, we discuss the limitations related to the use of these nutrients in the management of T2DM and CVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases)
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13 pages, 266 KiB  
Review
Obesity, Nutrition and Heart Rate Variability
by Anna Strüven, Christina Holzapfel, Christopher Stremmel and Stefan Brunner
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 4215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084215 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5385
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) represents the activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system and its capability to react to internal and external stimuli. As a measure of general body homeostasis, HRV is linked to lifestyle factors and it is associated with morbidity [...] Read more.
Heart rate variability (HRV) represents the activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system and its capability to react to internal and external stimuli. As a measure of general body homeostasis, HRV is linked to lifestyle factors and it is associated with morbidity and mortality. It is easily accessible by heart rate monitoring and gains interest in the era of smart watches and self-monitoring. In this review, we summarize effects of weight loss, training, and nutrition on HRV with a special focus on obesity. Besides weight reduction, effects of physical activity and dietary intervention can be monitored by parameters of HRV, including its time and frequency domain components. In the future, monitoring of HRV should be included in any weight reduction program as it provides an additional tool to analyze the effect of body weight on general health and homeostasis. HRV parameters could, for example, be monitored easily by implementation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) every two to four weeks during weight reduction period. Indices presumibly showing beneficial changes could be a reduction in heart rate and the number of premature ventricular complexes as well as an increase in standard deviation of normal-to-normal beat intervals (SDNN), just to name some. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases)
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