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Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments
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Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 18741

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Madaan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Urology and Nephrology, Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, Dartford, UK
2. Institute of Medical Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK
Interests: urological oncology; prostate cancer; bladder cancer; kidney cancer; robotic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men worldwide. In 2020, almost 1.4 million new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed globally, with 375,000 cases of mortality. Prostate cancer represents a significant burden for both healthcare systems and individual patients.

In recent years, crucial headway has been made into both the pathophysiology and treatment fields. There have been impressive developments in the area of biomarkers, pre biopsy MRI, prostate biopsy techniques, risk stratification and treatments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather articles focused on prostate cancer to illustrate the current developments in prostate cancer surgery and other treatments, as well as some future insights into improving therapy results.

Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Madaan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • focal therapy
  • oligometastatic prostate cancer
  • robotic prostatectomy
  • radiotherapy
  • brachytherapy
  • HIFU
  • cryotherapy

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 178 KiB  
Editorial
What Is New in the Management of High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer?
by Mudassir Wani and Sanjeev Madaan
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020455 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2067
Abstract
The current Special Issue, in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, is dedicated to collecting high-quality research that mainly focuses on “Clinical advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments” [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)

Research

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20 pages, 11739 KiB  
Article
A Five Glutamine-Associated Signature Predicts Prognosis of Prostate Cancer and Links Glutamine Metabolism with Tumor Microenvironment
by Hai Wang, Yuxiao Chen, Wei Zhao, Haolin Liu, Hongtao Tu, Zhongyou Xia, Rui Wang, Jinze Tang, Chuang Zhu, Rui Li, Xiaodong Liu and Peng Gu
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062243 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
Glutamine has been recognized as an important amino acid that provide a variety of intermediate products to fuel biosynthesis. Glutamine metabolism participates in the progression of the tumor via various mechanisms. However, glutamine-metabolism-associated signatures and its significance in prostate cancer are still unclear. [...] Read more.
Glutamine has been recognized as an important amino acid that provide a variety of intermediate products to fuel biosynthesis. Glutamine metabolism participates in the progression of the tumor via various mechanisms. However, glutamine-metabolism-associated signatures and its significance in prostate cancer are still unclear. In this current study, we identified five genes associated with glutamine metabolism by univariate and Lasso regression analysis and constructed a model to predict the biochemical recurrence free survival (BCRFS) of PCa. Further validation of the prognostic risk model demonstrated a good efficacy in predicting the BCRFS in PCa patients. Interestingly, based on the CIBERSORTx, ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms predictions, we noticed a distinct immune cell infiltration and immune pathway pattern in the prediction of the two risk groups stratified by the risk model. Drug sensitivity prediction revealed that patients in the high-risk group were more suitable for chemotherapy. Last but not least, glutamine deprivation significantly inhibited cell growth in GLUL or ASNS knock down prostate cancer cell lines. Therefore, we proposed a novel prognostic model by using glutamine metabolism genes for PCa patients and identified potential mechanism of PCa progression through glutamine-related tumor microenvironment remodeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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21 pages, 3445 KiB  
Article
A Novel Four Mitochondrial Respiration-Related Signature for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
by Zhongyou Xia, Haolin Liu, Shicheng Fan, Hongtao Tu, Yongming Jiang, Hai Wang, Peng Gu and Xiaodong Liu
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020654 - 13 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2177
Abstract
The biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy is high, and mitochondrial respiration is reported to be associated with the metabolism in PCa development. This study aimed to establish a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based risk model to predict the [...] Read more.
The biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy is high, and mitochondrial respiration is reported to be associated with the metabolism in PCa development. This study aimed to establish a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based risk model to predict the BCR of PCa. RNA sequencing data of PCa were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and mitochondrial respiratory-related genes (MRGs) were sourced via GeneCards. The differentially expressed mitochondrial respiratory and BCR-related genes (DE-MR-BCRGs) were acquired through overlapping BCR-related differentially expressed genes (BCR-DEGs) and differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) between PCa samples and controls. Further, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to construct a DE-MRGs-based risk model. Then, a nomogram was established by analyzing the independent prognostic factor of five clinical features and risk scores. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), tumor microenvironment, and drug susceptibility analyses were employed between high- and low-risk groups of PCa patients with BCR. Finally, qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the expression of prognostic genes. We identified 11 DE-MR-BCRGs by overlapping 132 DE-MRGs and 13 BCR-DEGs and constructed a risk model consisting of 4 genes (APOE, DNAH8, EME2, and KIF5A). Furthermore, we established an accurate nomogram, including a risk score and a Gleason score, for the BCR prediction of PCa patients. The GSEA result suggested the risk model was related to the PPAR signaling pathway, the cholesterol catabolic process, the organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process, the small molecule catabolic process, and the steroid catabolic process. Simultaneously, we found six immune cell types relevant to the risk model: resting memory CD4+ T cells, monocytes, resting mast cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and macrophages M2. Moreover, the risk model could affect the IC50 of 12 cancer drugs, including Lapatinib, Bicalutamide, and Embelin. Finally, qRT-PCR showed that APOE, EME2, and DNAH8 were highly expressed in PCa, while KIF5A was downregulated in PCa. Collectively, a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based nomogram including four genes and one clinical feature was established for BCR prediction in patients with PCa, which could provide novel strategies for further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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9 pages, 834 KiB  
Article
Using a Further Planning MRI after Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy Significantly Reduces the Radiation Exposure of Organs at Risk in External Beam Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer
by Roland Merten, Mirko Fischer, Hans Christiansen, Susanne Hellms, Christoph Alexander Joachim von Klot, Nele Henrike Thomas and Anne Caroline Knöchelmann
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020574 - 10 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Radiotherapy for prostate cancer is often preceded by neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which leads to a reduction in the size of the prostate. This study examines whether it is relevant for treatment planning to acquire a second planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [...] Read more.
Radiotherapy for prostate cancer is often preceded by neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which leads to a reduction in the size of the prostate. This study examines whether it is relevant for treatment planning to acquire a second planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after ADT (=MRI 2) or whether it can be planned without disadvantage based on an MRI acquired before starting ADT (=MRI 1). The imaging data for the radiotherapy treatment planning of 17 patients with prostate cancer who received two planning MRIs (before and after neoadjuvant ADT) were analyzed as follows: detailed comparable radiation plans were created separately, each based on the planning CT scan and either MRI 1 or MRI 2. After ADT for an average of 17.2 weeks, the prostate was reduced in size by an average of 24%. By using MRI 2 for treatment planning, the V60Gy of the rectum could be significantly relieved by an average of 15% with the same coverage of the target volume, and the V70Gy by as much as 33% (compared to using MRI 1 alone). Using a second MRI for treatment planning after neoadjuvant ADT in prostate cancer leads to a significant relief for the organs at risk, especially in the high dose range, with the same irradiation of the target volume, and should therefore be carried out regularly. Waiting for the prostate to shrink after a few months of ADT contributes to relief for the organs at risk and to lowering the toxicity. However, the use of reduced target volumes requires an image-guided application, and the oncological outcome needs to be verified in further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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12 pages, 1486 KiB  
Article
Development and External Validation of the STRATified CANcer Surveillance (STRATCANS) Multivariable Model for Predicting Progression in Men with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Starting Active Surveillance
by Alexander Light, Artitaya Lophatananon, Alexandra Keates, Vineetha Thankappannair, Tristan Barrett, Jose Dominguez-Escrig, Jose Rubio-Briones, Toufik Benheddi, Jonathan Olivier, Arnauld Villers, Kirthana Babureddy, Haitham Abdelmoteleb and Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010216 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
For men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, we aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the risk of progression on active surveillance (AS), which could inform more personalised AS strategies. In total, 883 men from 3 European centres were used for [...] Read more.
For men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, we aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the risk of progression on active surveillance (AS), which could inform more personalised AS strategies. In total, 883 men from 3 European centres were used for model development and internal validation, and 151 men from a fourth European centre were used for external validation. Men with Cambridge Prognostic Group (CPG) 1–2 disease at diagnosis were eligible. The endpoint was progression to the composite endpoint of CPG3 disease or worse (≥CPG3). Model performance at 4 years was evaluated through discrimination (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. The final multivariable model incorporated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Grade Group, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score (Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) or Likert), and prostate volume. Calibration and discrimination were good in both internal validation (C-index 0.742, 95% CI 0.694–0.793) and external validation (C-index 0.845, 95% CI 0.712–0.958). In decision curve analysis, the model offered net benefit compared to a ‘follow-all’ strategy at risk thresholds of ≥0.08 and ≥0.04 in development and external validation, respectively. In conclusion, our model demonstrated good accuracy and clinical utility in predicting the progression on AS at 4 years post-diagnosis. Men with lower risk predictions could subsequently be offered less-intense surveillance. Further external validation in larger cohorts is now required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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15 pages, 3982 KiB  
Article
The Development of a Gleason Score-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
by Yiliyasi Yimamu, Xu Yang, Junxin Chen, Cheng Luo, Wenyang Xiao, Hongyu Guan and Daohu Wang
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(23), 7164; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237164 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1914
Abstract
The recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) is intrinsically linked to increased mortality. The goal of this study was to develop an efficient and reliable prognosis prediction signature for PCa patients. The training cohort was acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, while [...] Read more.
The recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) is intrinsically linked to increased mortality. The goal of this study was to develop an efficient and reliable prognosis prediction signature for PCa patients. The training cohort was acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, while the validation cohort was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE70769). To explore the Gleason score (GS)-based prediction signature, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low- and high-GS groups, and then univariate Cox regression survival analysis and multiple Cox analyses were performed sequentially using the training cohort. The testing cohort was used to evaluate and validate the prognostic model’s effectiveness, accuracy, and clinical practicability. In addition, the correlation analyses between the risk score and clinical features, as well as immune infiltration, were performed. We constructed and optimized a valid and credible model for predicting the prognosis of PCa recurrence using four GS-associated genes (SFRP4, FEV, COL1A1, SULF1). Furthermore, ROC and Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a higher predictive efficiency for biochemical recurrence (BCR). The results showed that the risk model was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, the risk score was associated with clinical features and immune infiltration. Finally, the risk model was validated in a testing cohort. Our data support that the GS-based four-gene signature acts as a novel signature for predicting BCR in PCa patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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Review

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12 pages, 1247 KiB  
Review
The Availability, Cost, Limitations, Learning Curve and Future of Robotic Systems in Urology and Prostate Cancer Surgery
by Thomas Hughes, Bhavan Rai, Sanjeev Madaan, Edmund Chedgy and Bhaskar Somani
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062268 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6752
Abstract
Robot-assisted surgical systems (RASS) have revolutionised the management of many urological conditions over the last two decades with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) now being considered by many to be the preferred surgical approach. Intuitive Surgical has dominated the market during this time period [...] Read more.
Robot-assisted surgical systems (RASS) have revolutionised the management of many urological conditions over the last two decades with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) now being considered by many to be the preferred surgical approach. Intuitive Surgical has dominated the market during this time period with successive iterations of the da Vinci model. The expiration of patents has opened the RASS market and several new contenders have become available or are currently in development. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore the merits of each robotic system as well as the evidence and barriers to their use. The newly developed RASS have increased the versality of robotic surgical systems to a wider range of settings through advancement in technology. The increased competition may result in an overall reduction in cost, broadening the accessibility of RASS. Learning curves and training remain a barrier to their use, but the situation appears to be improving through dedicated training programmes. Outcomes for RARP have been well investigated and tend to support improved early functional outcomes. Overall, the rapid developments in the field of robot-assisted surgery indicate the beginning of a promising new era to further enhance urological surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatments)
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