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Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging
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Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nuclear Medicine & Radiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 15002

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yasuhiro Morimoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
Interests: imaging; computed tomography; magnetic resonance; diagnostic radiology; PET; PET imaging; salivary glands
Prof. Dr. Ikuya Miyamoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
Interests: dental implant; bone augmentation; oral potentially malignant disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, the development of dental cone beam computed tomography has induced innovations for the treatment of many kinds of dental diseases. At time same time, various modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET) have also become available for the diagnosis of dental-related diseases. There have been many kinds of studies on MRI, CT, CBCT, US, PET-CT, digital dental radiographs, and panoramic radiographs regarding their usefulness for the diagnosis of dental-related diseases. Therefore, we are planning to publish review articles on the deeper applications and usefulness of the respective modality for various kinds of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  1. Clinical application of diagnostic procedures for dental-related diseases using computed assisted diagnosis (CAD) via convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and so on;
  2. The utilities and significance of imaging diagnosis for medication-related osteonecrosis (MRONJ) including bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis (BRONJ);
  3. The utilities and significance of cone-beam CT including CBCT for oral and maxillofacial disease including prognathism and dental implants;
  4. Diagnosis of various diseases in oral and maxillofacial regions using a new MR technique;
  5. The utilities and significance of imaging diagnosis of nuclear medicine including PET-CT for oral and maxillofacial diseases, including oral cancers and lymph node metastasis;
  6. The utilities and significance of imaging diagnosis of ultrasonography (US), including elastography and Doppler techniques for oral and maxillofacial diseases.

Prof. Dr. Yasuhiro Morimoto
Prof. Dr. Ikuya Miyamoto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Computed assisted diagnosis (CAD)
  • Convolutional neural network (CNN)
  • Support vector machine (SVM)
  • Medication-related osteonecrosis (MRONJ)
  • Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis (BRONJ)
  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic resonance (MR)
  • PET-CT
  • Ultrasonography (US)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3281 KiB  
Article
[18F]Fluoride Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) and [18F]FDG PET for Assessment of Osteomyelitis of the Jaw in Comparison to Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A Prospective PET/CT and PET/MRI Pilot Study
by Christian Philipp Reinert, Christina Pfannenberg, Helmut Dittmann, Brigitte Gückel, Christian la Fougère, Konstantin Nikolaou and Sebastian Hoefert
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 3998; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143998 - 10 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
To investigate imaging features of osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ) using [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess extent and disease activity. Six female patients (55.3 ± 10.0 years) were [...] Read more.
To investigate imaging features of osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ) using [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess extent and disease activity. Six female patients (55.3 ± 10.0 years) were enrolled for assessment of symptomatic OMJ. 4/6 patients underwent [18F]FDG-PET/MRI and [18F]fluoride-PET/CT, one patient MRI and [18F]fluoride-PET/CT and another patient only [18F]FDG-PET/MRI. Image analysis was performed by two radiologists, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and a nuclear medicine specialist. The extent of affected jawbone was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, including the PET tracer uptake, CT-Hounsfield-Units (HU) and MRI parameters in affected and healthy jawbone. All patients had trabecular sclerosis in the affected jawbone compared to healthy jawbone (560 ± 328 HU vs. 282 ± 211 HU; p > 0.05), while 3/6 patients had cortical erosions. Bone marrow edema and gadolinium enhancement were documented in 5/6 patients. In affected jawbone, [18F]fluoride-uptake was increased in all patients compared to healthy jawbone (SUVmean 15.4 ± 4.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6; p < 0.05), and [18F]FDG-uptake was moderately higher (SUVmean 1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2; p > 0.05). The extent of regions with increased metabolic activity was less than the extent of morphologic changes in all patients. Information on jawbone metabolism and inflammation is different from morphologic changes and therefore has the potential to provide a more accurate and objective assessment of the extent and activity of OMJ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging)
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12 pages, 3068 KiB  
Article
Potential Biochemical Markers and Radiomorphometric Indices as Predictors of Reduced Bone Mass in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia
by Sylwia Czajkowska, Joanna Rupa-Matysek, Ewelina Wojtasińska, Kacper Nijakowski, Lidia Gil, Anna Surdacka and Tomasz Kulczyk
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(12), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123391 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate radiomorphometric indices derived from panoramic X-rays and selected blood markers of bone turnover and neutrophil extracellular traps, with a view to identifying hemophilic patients at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: The study consisted of 50 adult men [...] Read more.
Background: The study aimed to evaluate radiomorphometric indices derived from panoramic X-rays and selected blood markers of bone turnover and neutrophil extracellular traps, with a view to identifying hemophilic patients at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: The study consisted of 50 adult men with hemophilia A and B (mild, moderate, and severe). The control group consisted of 25 healthy adult men. In both groups, blood samples were collected to determine concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (CH3) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) with ELISA tests, and panoramic X-rays were obtained. Images were imported into AudaXCeph software to calculate two radiomorphometric indices: mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Concentrations of BGLAP and CH3 were compared with MI and PMI values in patients with and without hemophilia. Results: There were statistically significant differences in BGLAP, CH3, and PMI between the study and the control group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a predictive value for PMI, BGLAP, and CH3.The ROC curve with cutoff point (Youden index) at 0.40—PMI was calculated. No correlation was observed for the PMI index in any particular subgroup of patients. No correlation between MI and BGLAP/CH3 was observed. Conclusions: Simultaneous use of PMI value and BGLAP and CH3 levels may allow the identification of patients with hemophilia who requirea detailed diagnosis of osteoporosis with DXA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging)
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12 pages, 2029 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmarking and Frankfort Horizontal Plane Construction: Reproducibility of Conventional and Novel Landmarks
by Gauthier Dot, Frédéric Rafflenbeul, Adeline Kerbrat, Philippe Rouch, Laurent Gajny and Thomas Schouman
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(22), 5303; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225303 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5174
Abstract
In some dentofacial deformity patients, especially patients undergoing surgical orthodontic treatments, Computed Tomography (CT) scans are useful to assess complex asymmetry or to plan orthognathic surgery. This assessment would be made easier for orthodontists and surgeons with a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis, which [...] Read more.
In some dentofacial deformity patients, especially patients undergoing surgical orthodontic treatments, Computed Tomography (CT) scans are useful to assess complex asymmetry or to plan orthognathic surgery. This assessment would be made easier for orthodontists and surgeons with a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric analysis, which would require the localization of landmarks and the construction of reference planes. The objectives of this study were to assess manual landmarking repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) of a set of 3D landmarks and to evaluate R&R of vertical cephalometric measurements using two Frankfort Horizontal (FH) planes as references for horizontal 3D imaging reorientation. Thirty-three landmarks, divided into “conventional”, “foraminal” and “dental”, were manually located twice by three experienced operators on 20 randomly-selected CT scans of orthognathic surgery patients. R&R confidence intervals (CI) of each landmark in the -x, -y and -z directions were computed according to the ISO 5725 standard. These landmarks were then used to construct 2 FH planes: a conventional FH plane (orbitale left, porion right and left) and a newly proposed FH plane (midinternal acoustic foramen, orbitale right and left). R&R of vertical cephalometric measurements were computed using these 2 FH planes as horizontal references for CT reorientation. Landmarks showing a 95% CI of repeatability and/or reproducibility > 2 mm were found exclusively in the “conventional” landmarks group. Vertical measurements showed excellent R&R (95% CI < 1 mm) with either FH plane as horizontal reference. However, the 2 FH planes were not found to be parallel (absolute angular difference of 2.41°, SD 1.27°). Overall, “dental” and “foraminal” landmarks were more reliable than the “conventional” landmarks. Despite the poor reliability of the landmarks orbitale and porion, the construction of the conventional FH plane provided a reliable horizontal reference for 3D craniofacial CT scan reorientation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging)
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Review

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10 pages, 2907 KiB  
Review
Overview of Radiological Studies on Visualization of Gubernaculum Tracts of Permanent Teeth
by Masafumi Oda, Ikuko Nishida, Manabu Habu, Osamu Takahashi, Hiroki Tsurushima, Taishi Otani, Daigo Yoshiga, Katsura Saeki, Tatsurou Tanaka, Nao Wakasugi-Sato, Shinobu Matsumoto-Takeda, Yutaro Nagasaki, Ikuya Miyamoto, Shinji Kito, Masaaki Sasaguri and Yasuhiro Morimoto
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(14), 3051; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143051 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3860
Abstract
The eruption pathway from the dental follicle to the gingiva for permanent teeth is known as the gubernaculum tract (GT), a physiologic structure thought to play a role in tooth eruption. Cone beam computed tomography and multi-detector computed tomography have recently been used [...] Read more.
The eruption pathway from the dental follicle to the gingiva for permanent teeth is known as the gubernaculum tract (GT), a physiologic structure thought to play a role in tooth eruption. Cone beam computed tomography and multi-detector computed tomography have recently been used to visualize the GT, with the results indicating that this structure might be related to the normal eruption of teeth. By contrast, curved and/or constricted GTs may lead to abnormal tooth eruption. In addition, complex odontomas have been reported from within the GT or dental sac of unerupted permanent teeth. If an odontoma occurs within the GT, the tooth will not erupt normally. Moreover, the imaging characteristics of the GT from the top of the odontogenic mass to the alveolar crest are extremely useful for making a differential pathological diagnosis and for differentiating between odontogenic and non-odontogenic masses. Therefore, radiological studies on the GT have been attracting increasing attention. Given this background, the present review aims to clarify the imaging characteristics and review recent studies on the GT considering the importance of the research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Challenges and Advances in Dental Imaging)
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