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Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
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Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2023) | Viewed by 10479

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thilo Burkard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Interests: arterial hypertension; hypertensive heart disease; preventive cardiology; blood pressure measurement; pharmacotherapy; echocardiography
Dr. Annina S. Vischer

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Interests: arterial hypertension; cardiomyopathies; blood pressure measurement; hypertensive heart disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its cardiac complications are frequent and highly variable, including hypertensive heart disease (HHD), a term which lacks a clear definition. It usually refers to pathophysiological changes of the left ventricle, left atrium, and coronary arteries attributed to chronically elevated blood pressure and thus increased workload, and covers microscopic and macroscopic alterations. In clinical practice, this term comprises a range of adaptive and maladaptive processes in patients with AH, such as left ventricular hypertrophy; heart failure with reduced, mid-range, or preserved ejection fraction; systolic or diastolic dysfunction; and arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation—all entities associated with a impaired prognosis and specific treatment options. Recently, advancements were documented in cardiac imaging to differentiate HHD from other forms of cardiac hypertrophy but in the individual patient the differention remains challenging. Furthermore, questions and controversies about early detection, risk stratification, disease surveillance or individualized management of patients persist.

In this Special Issue, we would like to invite original clinical and basic research, meta-analyses, and state-of-the-art reviews related to diagnostics and therapeutics in the whole spectrum of HHD and related disorders. We will be grateful to receive your submissions to advance the field of HHD.

Dr. Thilo Burkard
Dr. Annina S. Vischer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hypertensive heart disease
  • heart failure
  • hypertension
  • left ventricular hypertrophy
  • left atrium
  • pharmacotherapy
  • blood pressure
  • remodeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 200 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Hypertensive Heart Disease—From Pathophysiology to Therapeutical Challenges
by Annina S. Vischer and Thilo Burkard
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4640; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164640 - 9 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1138
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AHT) is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment)

Research

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17 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Characterisation of Severe Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Diagnosed by Echocardiography in Hypertensive Patients
by Anett Apitz, Thenral Socrates, Thilo Burkard, Michael Mayr and Annina S. Vischer
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010228 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3580
Abstract
Background: Arterial hypertension (AHT) is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the most important prognostic markers in hypertension and a predictor for mortality. The goals of this study were to examine the prevalence of LVH [...] Read more.
Background: Arterial hypertension (AHT) is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the most important prognostic markers in hypertension and a predictor for mortality. The goals of this study were to examine the prevalence of LVH detected by echocardiography in patients with AHT and to describe patients with severe LVH. Methods: This is a retrospective monocentric study including patients treated at a tertiary hypertension clinic. Echocardiographic data were taken from written reports from our hospital’s echocardiography laboratories. We compared patients with severe LVH (septum thickness ≥ 15 mm) with patients with normal left ventricular (LV) geometry and with patients with concentric or eccentric hypertrophy regarding age, gender, comorbidities, medication, duration of hypertension, blood pressure (BP) and ECG changes at time of echocardiography. Results: Twenty-nine patients (7.3%) out of four hundred patients showed severe LVH and one hundred and eighty-nine (47.3%) a normal geometry. In comparison to patients with normal geometry, patients with severe LVH were more likely to be male, older, and with more uncontrolled BP, especially regarding asleep values, multi-drug antihypertensive treatment and comorbidities. In comparison to patients with concentric or eccentric hypertrophy, patients with severe LVH had a significantly higher diastolic BP in the 24 h mean, awake and asleep values. A positive Sokolow-Lyon index did not predict LVH. However, patients with severe LVH were more likely to have T-wave-inversions V4–V6 in at least one lead. Conclusions: More than half of the patients with AHT have an abnormal geometry in our study (52.5%) and 7.3% a severe LVH. Patients with severe LVH have more often an uncontrolled AHT than patients with a normal LV geometry, despite more antihypertensive treatment. The Sokolow-Lyon index seems to be insufficient to detect LVH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment)
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12 pages, 1416 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning Improves Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality and Admission in Patients with Hypertension: Analysis of the Korean National Health Information Database
by Seung-Jae Lee, Sung-Ho Lee, Hyo-In Choi, Jong-Young Lee, Yong-Whi Jeong, Dae-Ryong Kang and Ki-Chul Sung
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6677; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226677 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2023
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop, compare, and validate models for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and hospitalization with hypertension using a conventional statistical model and a deep learning model. Methods: Using the database of Korean National Health Insurance Service, [...] Read more.
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop, compare, and validate models for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and hospitalization with hypertension using a conventional statistical model and a deep learning model. Methods: Using the database of Korean National Health Insurance Service, 2,037,027 participants with hypertension were identified. Among them, CVD (myocardial infarction or stroke) death and/or hospitalization that occurred within one year after the last visit were analyzed. Oversampling was performed using the synthetic minority oversampling algorithm to resolve imbalances in the number of samples between case and control groups. The logistic regression method and deep neural network (DNN) method were used to train models for assessing the risk of mortality and hospitalization. Findings: Deep learning-based prediction model showed a higher performance in all datasets than the logistic regression model in predicting CVD hospitalization (accuracy, 0.863 vs. 0.655; F1-score, 0.854 vs. 0.656; AUC, 0.932 vs. 0.655) and CVD death (accuracy, 0.925 vs. 0.780; F1-score, 0.924 vs. 0.783; AUC, 0.979 vs. 0.780). Interpretation: The deep learning model could accurately predict CVD hospitalization and death within a year in patients with hypertension. The findings of this study could allow for prevention and monitoring by allocating resources to high-risk patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment)
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Review

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24 pages, 14263 KiB  
Review
Hypertensive Heart Disease—The Imaging Perspective
by Tevfik F. Ismail, Simon Frey, Beat A. Kaufmann, David J. Winkel, Daniel T. Boll, Michael J. Zellweger and Philip Haaf
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(9), 3122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093122 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2804
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) develops in response to the chronic exposure of the left ventricle and left atrium to elevated systemic blood pressure. Left ventricular structural changes include hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis that in turn lead to functional changes including diastolic dysfunction and [...] Read more.
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) develops in response to the chronic exposure of the left ventricle and left atrium to elevated systemic blood pressure. Left ventricular structural changes include hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis that in turn lead to functional changes including diastolic dysfunction and impaired left atrial and LV mechanical function. Ultimately, these changes can lead to heart failure with a preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction. This review will outline the clinical evaluation of a patient with hypertension and/or suspected HHD, with a particular emphasis on the role and recent advances of multimodality imaging in both diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertensive Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment)
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