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J. Compos. Sci.
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Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites
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Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Composites Manufacturing and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 7528

Special Issue Editors

Dr. David J. Mitchell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Interests: ceramics; ceramic matrix composites; additive manufacturing; processing; extreme environment materials
Dr. Jayanta S. Kapat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Interests: design innovation enabled by newer materials and manufacturing; material and thermal solutions for extreme environments

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramic materials are critical in many applications involving high temperatures and extreme environments. Ceramic materials do not melt, and many compositions have excellent stability against corrosion at high temperatures in various aggressive environments. However, ceramic materials tend to fail catastrophically when stressed in tension, limiting their potential use in harsh-environment structural applications, such as turbine engines for power generation and aircraft propulsion, industrial manufacturing processes, spacecraft thermal protection systems, as well as nuclear fission and fusion power generation.

For these reasons, structural applications of ceramic materials typically employ ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), incorporating discontinuous or continuous fibers, or other ceramic or metallic reinforcements, in order to enable crack deflection and graceful failure mechanisms. Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite materials have been the state of the art for decades. However, traditional fabrication techniques for CMCs are expensive, slow and require significant hand operations. In recent years, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME), artificial intelligence and machine learning combined with increased supercomputing resources has resulted in development of advanced ceramic and composite compositions. In addition, the advent of many different types of advanced, additive and automated manufacturing processes has enabled fabrication of composite structures that were previously unattainable, as well as improving fabrication of traditional discontinuous and continuous fiber-reinforced composites.

The focus of this Special Issue is to capture the results of various investigations into the processing and properties of advanced CMCs. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) innovations in identifying novel compositions, reinforcing phase configurations, and advanced manufacturing techniques, as well as modeling and simulation of processing, structures and properties of advanced ceramic composite materials. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Dr. David J. Mitchell
Dr. Jayanta S. Kapat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Composites Science is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ceramic matrix composites
  • additive manufacturing
  • material processing
  • extreme environment materials
  • material characterization
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • material model

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4704 KiB  
Article
Natural Fiber Reinforcement of Ceramic Slurry Compacts
by Simona Elena Avram, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Stanca Cuc, Gheorghe Borodi, Bianca Violeta Birle and Ioan Petean
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(12), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8120542 - 20 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 659
Abstract
Background: ceramic tile wastewater slurry contains a large amount of fine kaolinite particles acting as a matrix for mineral filler particles of quartz and mullite. Reinforcing it with natural fibers increases its compression strength. A novel approach is using Stipa pennata fibers because [...] Read more.
Background: ceramic tile wastewater slurry contains a large amount of fine kaolinite particles acting as a matrix for mineral filler particles of quartz and mullite. Reinforcing it with natural fibers increases its compression strength. A novel approach is using Stipa pennata fibers because of their local availability, good mechanical properties, and feathery aspect, making them able to reinforce ceramic slurry compacts. Preparation and investigation methods: Slurry conditioned at 33% humidity and milled at 6000 rpm for 5 min contains 39% quartz, 37% kaolinite, 16% mullite and 8% lepidocrocite (observed via XRD correlated with mineralogical microscopy). Kaolinite particles ensure optimal binding of the mineral filler and the Stipa pennata fibers into a dense composite structure, as observed via SEM. EDS maps reveal a local increase in C content, along with the natural fibers being associated with significant levels of Al and Si, indicating the microstructural compactness of the reinforcement layer. An additional compaction load enhances microstructural cohesion. Results: The sample without reinforcement has a compressive strength of 1.29 MPa. This increases to 2.89 MPa by adding a median reinforcing layer and reaches 3.13 MPa by adding a compaction load of 20 N. A median crossed fiber-reinforcing layer combined with the compaction load of 20 N ensures a compressive strength of 4.78 MPa. Introducing two reinforcing layers oriented perpendicular to one another ensures a compressive strength of 2.48 MPa. Lateral placement of the two reinforcing layers regarding the sample median plan causes a slight decrease in the compressive strength. SEM fractography reveals that the feather-like structure of Stipa pennata fiber acts as an anchor for the median site of the samples, slowing crack initiation under compressive efforts, creating a novel approach compared to natural fiber without lateral flakes. Conclusions: The optimal place for the reinforcement layer is the median site of the sample, and interlaced reinforcement ensures the best compressive resistance. Ceramic slurry reinforced with Stipa pennata is useful as an intermediary layer on the modular walls of ecologic buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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16 pages, 11885 KiB  
Article
Portland Cement Pastes and Mortars with Antibacterial Properties
by Georgeta Voicu, Alina-Ioana Badanoiu, Stefania-Paula Stoleriu, Adrian-Ionut Nicoara and Alina-Maria Holban
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(11), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8110445 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 918
Abstract
This paper brings new information regarding the influence of partial replacement of portland cement with nano silica and mesoscopic ZnO powders in terms of mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The experimental results demonstrate a reduced growth of the opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [...] Read more.
This paper brings new information regarding the influence of partial replacement of portland cement with nano silica and mesoscopic ZnO powders in terms of mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The experimental results demonstrate a reduced growth of the opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans and an alteration of monospecific biofilm formation when exposed to the cement pastes modified with these additions. The coexistence of silica and ZnO powders modifies the kinetics of portland cement hydration and hardening processes, as well as the nature and composition of resulting compounds. While ZnO powder initially delays the hydration and hardening of portland cement, the addition of nano silica helps alleviate this delay and improves the compressive strengths. The main properties (mechanical strengths and antibacterial properties) of the cement pastes and derived composites (mortars) are assessed and statistically processed to identify the optimum dosage of each component. These materials could be of a particular interest for buildings exposed to conditions favoring microbial colonization, especially health-care facilities where the microbial load of antibiotic resistant and biofilm species is high. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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16 pages, 5687 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Ceramsite Granules Made on the Basis of Coal Mining Waste
by Yerkebulan Kocherov, Alexandr Kolesnikov, Gulnaz Makulbekova, Aigul Mamitova, Lazzat Ramatullaeva, Bahtiyor Medeshev and Olga Kolesnikova
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(8), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080306 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1029
Abstract
In this article, one of the main scientific directions was the search for ways of recycling coal mining waste to produce expanded clay granules. There are a number of scientific studies devoted to the use of various industrial wastes in the production of [...] Read more.
In this article, one of the main scientific directions was the search for ways of recycling coal mining waste to produce expanded clay granules. There are a number of scientific studies devoted to the use of various industrial wastes in the production of thermal insulation and fireproof expanded clay granules. The authors consider the production of granular porous aggregates based on pulverized fractions of igneous rocks—basalt, granite, and synertite, as well as man-made materials of various origins, to be promising. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was found that the optimal interval of the amount of waste in expanded clay was 4.0–6.0%, and the optimal firing temperature was 1150 °C with the production of samples with a bulk density of 0.337–0.348 t/m3 and with a compressive strength of 1.37–1.51 MPa under these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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10 pages, 2913 KiB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation and Dimensional Stability of Three Bioceramic Root Repair Materials: A VP-SEM Analysis
by Orlando Donfrancesco, Alessio Zanza, Rodolfo Reda, Luca Testarelli, Michela Relucenti and Marco Seracchiani
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(8), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080294 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1330
Abstract
This study investigated the marginal adaptation of three recently introduced bioceramic root repair materials, EdgeBioCeramic RetroFill, Endocem MTA, and One-Fil PT, using VP-SEM analysis. Extracted single-rooted lower incisors were used to simulate retrograde fillings. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the [...] Read more.
This study investigated the marginal adaptation of three recently introduced bioceramic root repair materials, EdgeBioCeramic RetroFill, Endocem MTA, and One-Fil PT, using VP-SEM analysis. Extracted single-rooted lower incisors were used to simulate retrograde fillings. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the marginal gap between the materials and the dentin walls. All three materials exhibited good dimensional stability, with gap sizes comparable to previously published research on similar materials. The mean GAP was 3.91 ± 2.56 for EdgeBioCeramic RetroFill, 4.32 ± 2.69 for Endocem MTA, and 4.50 ± 2.54 for One-Fil PT. This study employed VP-SEM, a valuable tool for analyzing bioceramic materials without altering their properties. The findings suggest the possibility of daily clinical use of these bioceramics by endodontists and general practitioners that could find applications in retrograde fillings and perforation repairs. However, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm long-term stability and assess the influence of sample preparation methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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19 pages, 5071 KiB  
Article
Conditioning Influence of Kaolinite Matrices on Flexural Strength of Raw Pressed Slurry Collected from Ceramic Tile Production Wastewater
by Simona Elena Avram, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Stanca Cuc, Gheorghe Borodi, Bianca Violeta Birle and Ioan Petean
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(6), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060219 - 9 Jun 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1061
Abstract
Kaolinite is able to assure the high binding affinity of the filler particles of raw ceramic bodies. It acts as a matrix that strongly holds the other constituents’ particles in a compact structure. The slurry samples were characterized by XRD, mineralogical microscopy and [...] Read more.
Kaolinite is able to assure the high binding affinity of the filler particles of raw ceramic bodies. It acts as a matrix that strongly holds the other constituents’ particles in a compact structure. The slurry samples were characterized by XRD, mineralogical microscopy and SEM coupled with an EDX elemental analysis. The slurry collected from the ceramic tile production wastewaters had a significant amount of kaolinite (36%), mostly fine particles of 3 µm, less surrounding quartz (37%) and mullite (19%) particles of 5–100 µm in diameter and traces of lepidocrocite (8%). It is a dense paste with a relative moisture of 25%. The square bar of the slurry as received, pressed at a load of 350 N, had a flexural strength of 0.61 MPa. Increasing the moisture to 33% using regular water, followed by mechanical attrition at 2000 rpm for 5 min, resulted in a porous bar with a flexural strength of 0.09 MPa; by increasing the attrition speed to 6000 rpm, the microstructural homogenization was improved and the flexural strength was about 0.68 MPa. It seems that regular water does not assure an optimal moisture for the kaolinite matrix conditioning. Therefore, we used technological water at pH = 10, a moisture of 33% and attrition at 6000 rpm for 5 min, and the bar pressed at a load of 350 N had a flexural strength of 1.17 MPa. The results demonstrate that the bar moistened with technological water and an attrition regime assured a proper conditioning for the kaolinite matrix, achieving the optimal binding of the quartz and mullite particles under the pressing load. Bars with the optimal mixture were pressed at several loads, including 70, 140, 210 and 350 N, and the flexural strength was progressively increased from 0.56 MPa to 1.17 MPa. SEM fractography coupled with atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the optimal moisture facilitated a proper kaolinite particle disposal regarding the quartz and mullite filler particles, and the progressive load assured the strong binding of the finest kaolinite platelets onto their surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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19 pages, 15124 KiB  
Article
Study of the Structural, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties and Morphological Features of Y-Doped CeO2 Ceramics with Porous Structure
by Rafael I. Shakirzyanov, Natalia O. Volodina, Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Maxim V. Zdorovets, Dmitriy I. Shlimas, Daryn B. Borgekov and Yuriy A. Garanin
J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(10), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7100411 - 4 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1690
Abstract
In this work, ceramic samples of cerium oxide doped with yttrium were investigated. The concentration of a dopant Y(NO3)3 varied from 5 to 25 wt% in the initial charge. In the course of the experiment, a simple method was developed [...] Read more.
In this work, ceramic samples of cerium oxide doped with yttrium were investigated. The concentration of a dopant Y(NO3)3 varied from 5 to 25 wt% in the initial charge. In the course of the experiment, a simple method was developed to obtain ceramics with a porosity of ~20% via one-step annealing in air in a muffle furnace. For comparison, samples with two annealings were also synthesized to determine the effects of pores on electrical, structural, and mechanical characteristics. The obtained samples were examined via X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness measurements. The substitution of Ce4+ ions with Y3+ ions led to a significant decrease in the lattice parameter, average crystallite size, and average grain size, with a simultaneous increase in the lattice defectivity, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and microhardness values. It is shown that samples with a dopant weight fraction of 0.05–0.15 and one-step annealing have favorable electrical and mechanical characteristics for energy applications as porous materials with ionic conductivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Processing and Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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