Population Genetics of Small Mammals

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Diversity and Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 4374

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: small mammals; rodent biology; synanthropic rodents; island rodents; island colonization; phylogeography; population genetics; rodent-borne diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Small mammals are key players in terrestrial ecosystems. They provide essential services such as seed dispersal, pollination, and regulation of insect populations. Small mammals are also important prey for raptor birds and terrestrial carnivores, as well as major reservoir hosts for a wide range of pathogens, many of them zoonotic. Some species are also important pests, causing great economic impact; some species thrive in urban areas; and some are highly successful island invaders.

Overall, small mammals display remarkable diversity and adaptations to different modes of life: either human-associated, while exploiting their resources, or highly dependent on intact natural ecosystems for survival.

With a relatively high reproduction rate, small mammals respond quickly to environmental changes such as habitat/land use. With all anthropogenic impacts and climate change scenarios unfolding, long-term consequences on the genetic diversity of species are to be expected. Species’ abundances are being modulated by increasingly fragmented habitats, which can result in populations being more susceptible to genetic drift. On the other hand, some populations/species are expanding their ranges’ margins, being also highly subject to drift. As such, local adaptation plays a key role in shaping the potential of populations to respond to all ongoing environmental changes.

All these subjects can be addressed by assessing genetic variation, selection, drift, mutation, and gene flow within and between populations of small mammals, helping to better understand their evolutionary fate, dynamics and impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.

For this purpose, we look forward to your contributions of original research articles, reviews, and short communications that fit the theme of this Special Issue.

Dr. Sofia I. Gabriel
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Rodentia
  • Eulipotyphla
  • rodents
  • insectivores
  • tree shrews
  • population genetics
  • adaptation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2747 KiB  
Article
A Bocage Landscape Restricts the Gene Flow of Pest Vole Populations
by Aitor Somoano, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira, Jacint Ventura, Marcos Miñarro and Gerald Heckel
Life 2022, 12(6), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060800 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
The population dynamics of most animal species inhabiting agro-ecosystems may be determined by landscape characteristics, with agricultural intensification and the reduction of natural habitats influencing dispersal and hence limiting gene flow. Increasing landscape complexity would thus benefit many endangered species by providing different [...] Read more.
The population dynamics of most animal species inhabiting agro-ecosystems may be determined by landscape characteristics, with agricultural intensification and the reduction of natural habitats influencing dispersal and hence limiting gene flow. Increasing landscape complexity would thus benefit many endangered species by providing different ecological niches, but it could also lead to undesired effects in species that can act as crop pests and disease reservoirs. We tested the hypothesis that a highly variegated landscape influences patterns of genetic structure in agricultural pest voles. Ten populations of fossorial water vole, Arvicola scherman, located in a bocage landscape in Atlantic NW Spain were studied using DNA microsatellite markers and a graph-based model. The results showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern with a significant genetic correlation at smaller geographic scales, while genetic differentiation at larger geographic scales indicated a hierarchical pattern of up to eight genetic clusters. A metapopulation-type structure was observed, immersed in a landscape with a low proportion of suitable habitats. Matrix scale rather than matrix heterogeneity per se may have an important effect upon gene flow, acting as a demographic sink. The identification of sub-populations, considered to be independent management units, allows the establishment of feasible population control efforts in this area. These insights support the use of agro-ecological tools aimed at recreating enclosed field systems when planning integrated managements for controlling patch-dependent species such as grassland voles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Genetics of Small Mammals)
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19 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
Geographic Mosaic of Extensive Genetic Variations in Subterranean Mole Voles Ellobius alaicus as a Consequence of Habitat Fragmentation and Hybridization
by Valentina Tambovtseva, Irina Bakloushinskaya, Sergey Matveevsky and Aleksey Bogdanov
Life 2022, 12(5), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050728 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Restricted mobility, sociality, and high inbreeding—characteristic for subterranean mammals—lead to rapid changes in their genome structure. Up to now, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus was a data-deficient species; its spatial and phylogenetic relationships with a sibling species, E. tancrei, were not [...] Read more.
Restricted mobility, sociality, and high inbreeding—characteristic for subterranean mammals—lead to rapid changes in their genome structure. Up to now, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus was a data-deficient species; its spatial and phylogenetic relationships with a sibling species, E. tancrei, were not clarified. We carried out a genetic analysis including differential G-banding of chromosomes and mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear gene (XIST and IRBP) sequencing. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on cytb represented the expected phylogenetic relationships of two species. Using the XIST, we revealed two new lineages among E. alaicus from the Alay Valley (Southern Kyrgyzstan). Analysis of IRBP demonstrated presence of the specific genotype in most of E. alaicus specimens, but also revealed the haplotype, typical for E. tancrei, in some Alay mole voles. The results may be explained as persistence of ancestral gene polymorphism in E. alaicus or limited interspecific hybridization with E. tancrei. Several chromosomal forms were revealed in E. alaicus in the Alay Valley. We propose that ‘mosaic’ genetic polymorphism might appear in E. alaicus due to fragmentation of their habitats in highlands of the Alay Valley, Tien Shan, and Pamir-Alay as well as due to hybridization with E. tancrei or persistence of ancestral polymorphisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Genetics of Small Mammals)
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