Artificial Intelligence, Segmentation, and Radiomics in Biomedical Imaging, Radiobiology and Biodiversity

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2638

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
2. Ri.MED Foundation, 90134 Palermo, Italy
3. Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Cefalu, PA, Italy
Interests: radiobiology; preclinical (in vitro and in vivo); PET/CT; MRI; CT; IVIS; gamma counter; molecular imaging; animal models and cell lines

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Guest Editor
Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università degli studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: ultrasound, CT, MRI and emergency with particular interest in urological disease; radiomics and artificial intelligence in clinical radiology

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Guest Editor
1. Smith & Nephew, Inc., 2875 Railroad St., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
2. Laboratory of Computational Computer Vision (LCCV) in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: biomedical image processing and analysis; artificial intelligence; machine learning; deep learning; computer vision

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Guest Editor
1. Ri.MED Foundation, via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
2. Research Affiliate Long Term, Laboratory of Computational Computer Vision (LCCV), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: biomedical image processing and analysis; radiomics; artificial intelligence; machine learning; deep learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
Interests: non-invasive imaging techniques: positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR); radiomics and artificial intelligence in clinical health care applications; processing, quantification, and correction methods for ex vivo and in vivo medical images
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

New tracers/contrast agents, innovative radiopharmaceuticals, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) radiobiology studies, advanced and new technologies, biodiversity and biotechnology, and innovative scanners are now available in molecular and conventional imaging. All these advancements can be further magnified by artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. In the last several decades, AI approaches have been used to support the segmentation and detection of lesions, the evaluation of radiopharmaceutical body biodistribution, the implementation of innovative radiomics prediction models, and the reduction of radiotracer/contrast agent dose and scanning time. Despite huge efforts worldwide, only a few such tools have been translated into clinical practice. In this Special Issue, we want to encourage colleagues involved in conventional and molecular imaging to deliver robust and reproducible AI preclinical and clinical applications, aiding in their adoption in the real world.

This Special Issue deals with, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Machine- and deep-learning techniques for biomedical image analysis (i.e., segmentation of cells, tissues, organs, lesions; classification of cells, diseases, tumors, etc.);
  • Image registration techniques;
  • Image pre-processing techniques;
  • Image-based 3D reconstruction;
  • Radiomics and artificial intelligence for personalized medicine;
  • Multimodality fusion (e.g., MRI, PET, CT, ultrasound) for diagnosis, image analysis and image-guided intervention;
  • Machine and deep learning as tools to support medical diagnoses and decisions;
  • Artificial intelligence in predicting treatment response and assessing disease prognosis;
  • In vitro and in vivo preclinical assays and analysis tools for radiopharmaceutical validation;
  • Radiopharmaceuticals biodistribution analysis of microPET/CT imaging on murine models;
  • Theranostics;
  • Biotechnology applied to biodiversity;
  • Radiobiology analysis in vitro assays with tumor cell lines and in animal models of cancer.

Dr. Viviana Benfante
Dr. Giuseppe Salvaggio
Dr. Navdeep Dahiya
Dr. Albert Comelli
Dr. Alessandro Stefano
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomedical image processing
  • biomedical image classification
  • biomedical image retrieval
  • deep learning
  • machine learning
  • disease analysis
  • diagnostic imaging
  • radiomics
  • artificial intelligence
  • positron emission tomography
  • ultrasound
  • computed tomography
  • X-ray
  • magnetic resonance
  • imaging
  • non-invasive biomarkers
  • molecular imaging
  • small animal imaging techniques
  • mouse atlas
  • mouse imaging
  • radiolabeled chelators
  • radiopharmaceutical
  • radiobiology
  • theranostics
  • polyphenols
  • biodiversity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3454 KiB  
Communication
Statistical Approaches to Identify Pairwise and High-Order Brain Functional Connectivity Signatures on a Single-Subject Basis
by Laura Sparacino, Luca Faes, Gorana Mijatović, Giuseppe Parla, Vincenzina Lo Re, Roberto Miraglia, Jean de Ville de Goyet and Gianvincenzo Sparacia
Life 2023, 13(10), 2075; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102075 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1665
Abstract
Keeping up with the shift towards personalized neuroscience essentially requires the derivation of meaningful insights from individual brain signal recordings by analyzing the descriptive indexes of physio-pathological states through statistical methods that prioritize subject-specific differences under varying experimental conditions. Within this framework, the [...] Read more.
Keeping up with the shift towards personalized neuroscience essentially requires the derivation of meaningful insights from individual brain signal recordings by analyzing the descriptive indexes of physio-pathological states through statistical methods that prioritize subject-specific differences under varying experimental conditions. Within this framework, the current study presents a methodology for assessing the value of the single-subject fingerprints of brain functional connectivity, assessed both by standard pairwise and novel high-order measures. Functional connectivity networks, which investigate the inter-relationships between pairs of brain regions, have long been a valuable tool for modeling the brain as a complex system. However, their usefulness is limited by their inability to detect high-order dependencies beyond pairwise correlations. In this study, by leveraging multivariate information theory, we confirm recent evidence suggesting that the brain contains a plethora of high-order, synergistic subsystems that would go unnoticed using a pairwise graph structure. The significance and variations across different conditions of functional pairwise and high-order interactions (HOIs) between groups of brain signals are statistically verified on an individual level through the utilization of surrogate and bootstrap data analyses. The approach is illustrated on the single-subject recordings of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rest-fMRI) signals acquired using a pediatric patient with hepatic encephalopathy associated with a portosystemic shunt and undergoing liver vascular shunt correction. Our results show that (i) the proposed single-subject analysis may have remarkable clinical relevance for subject-specific investigations and treatment planning, and (ii) the possibility of investigating brain connectivity and its post-treatment functional developments at a high-order level may be essential to fully capture the complexity and modalities of the recovery. Full article
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