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Life
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Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health
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Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 January 2022) | Viewed by 17378

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ling He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Interests: glucose and lipid metabolism; metformin action; mitochondrial functions
Dr. Liqing Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Interests: lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and transport; lipid droplet lipolysis; fatty liver disease; type 2 diabetes; atherosclerosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. Metabolic sequelae of obesity include insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and type 2 diabetes, among others. A hallmark of NAFLD is the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, i.e., hepatic steatosis, which may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Currently, there are no effective drugs to prevent and treat NAFLD. End-stage NAFLD often requires liver transplantation. It is fundamental to mechanistically understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to NAFLD etiology and progression. A major environmental factor is diet. Triglyceride-rich lipid droplet deposition in the cells often results from imbalance of energy storage and intake such as during chronic consumption of energy-rich diets. When the capacity of energy storage is maximized in the adipose tissue, excess energy flows to non-adipose tissues, causing “ectopic” fat deposition and lipotoxicity. Abnormalities in hepatic lipid metabolism can also lead to NAFLD, including increased lipogenesis, reduced excretion of triglycerides through very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased oxidation. Progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH and fibrosis may require multiple metabolic, nutritional, and immunological “hits”. For example, changes in gut microbiota composition and permeability may create a state of chronic low-grade inflammation altering lipid/energy metabolism and triggering NAFLD progression.  

In this Special Issue, we will discuss the impacts of abnormal lipid metabolism on health.

Dr. Ling He
Dr. Liqing Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid metabolism
  • NAFLD
  • fat accumulation in white adipose tissue
  • fat utilization in brown adipose tissue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2084 KiB  
Article
Green Coffee Bean Extract Normalize Obesity-Induced Alterations of Metabolic Parameters in Rats by Upregulating Adiponectin and GLUT4 Levels and Reducing RBP-4 and HOMA-IR
by Esraa M. Seliem, Mohamed E. Azab, Randa S. Ismail, Abeer A. Nafeaa, Badriyah S. Alotaibi and Walaa A. Negm
Life 2022, 12(5), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050693 - 6 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2653
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health issue worldwide. Finding safe and efficacious products to reverse obesity has proven to be a difficult challenge. This study showed the effects of Coffea arabica or green coffee bean extract (GCBE) on obesity disorders and the improvement [...] Read more.
Obesity is a serious public health issue worldwide. Finding safe and efficacious products to reverse obesity has proven to be a difficult challenge. This study showed the effects of Coffea arabica or green coffee bean extract (GCBE) on obesity disorders and the improvement of obesity-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. The active constituents of GCBE were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The first group (Group I) was fed a control diet, whereas the second group was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks till obesity induction. The second group was equally subdivided into Group II, which received HFD, and Group III, which received HFD + GCBE for another eight weeks. The body and organ weights of the animals were measured, and blood and adipose tissue samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that the administration of GCBE significantly decreased the body and organ weights. Furthermore, it had an ameliorative effect on serum biochemical parameters. It dramatically reduced total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels. In addition, an improvement in homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and an enhancement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed compared with the HFD group. In addition, the group treated with GCBE exhibited a marked increase in serum levels of adiponectin (an anti-inflammatory adipokine). In addition, a considerable reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy was found following GCBE treatment. Remarkably, the administration of GCBE resulted in a remarkable decrease in the expression of RBP4 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine), whereas an increase in GLLUT4 expression was observed in the adipose tissue. This improved insulin resistance in GCBE-administered HFD rats compared with other HFD rats. Our study showed that GCBE exhibits anti-obesity activity and may be used as a natural supplement to prevent and treat obesity and its associated disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health)
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15 pages, 3265 KiB  
Article
Brown Fat Dnmt3b Deficiency Ameliorates Obesity in Female Mice
by Fenfen Li, Xin Cui, Jia Jing, Shirong Wang, Huidong Shi, Bingzhong Xue and Hang Shi
Life 2021, 11(12), 1325; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121325 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
Obesity results from a chronic energy imbalance due to energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. Activation of brown fat thermogenesis has been shown to combat obesity. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, has emerged as a key regulator of brown fat thermogenic function. Here we [...] Read more.
Obesity results from a chronic energy imbalance due to energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. Activation of brown fat thermogenesis has been shown to combat obesity. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, has emerged as a key regulator of brown fat thermogenic function. Here we aimed to study the role of Dnmt3b, a DNA methyltransferase involved in de novo DNA methylation, in the regulation of brown fat thermogenesis and obesity. We found that the specific deletion of Dnmt3b in brown fat promotes the thermogenic and mitochondrial program in brown fat, enhances energy expenditure, and decreases adiposity in female mice fed a regular chow diet. With a lean phenotype, the female knockout mice also exhibit increased insulin sensitivity. In addition, Dnmt3b deficiency in brown fat also prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in female mice. Interestingly, our RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the brown fat of female Dnmt3b knockout mice. However, male Dnmt3b knockout mice have no change in their body weight, suggesting the existence of sexual dimorphism in the brown fat Dnmt3b knockout model. Our data demonstrate that Dnmt3b plays an important role in the regulation of brown fat function, energy metabolism and obesity in female mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health)
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Review

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23 pages, 1430 KiB  
Review
Regulation of Liver Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Transcriptional Factors and Coactivators
by Balamurugan Ramatchandirin, Alexia Pearah and Ling He
Life 2023, 13(2), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020515 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4459
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is on the rise and NAFLD is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease. In the USA, NAFLD affects over 30% of the population, with similar occurrence rates reported from Europe and [...] Read more.
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide is on the rise and NAFLD is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease. In the USA, NAFLD affects over 30% of the population, with similar occurrence rates reported from Europe and Asia. This is due to the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because patients with obesity and T2DM commonly have NAFLD, and patients with NAFLD are often obese and have T2DM with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia as well as hypertriglyceridemia. Excessive accumulation of triglycerides is a hallmark of NAFLD and NAFLD is now recognized as the liver disease component of metabolic syndrome. Liver glucose and lipid metabolisms are intertwined and carbon flux can be used to generate glucose or lipids; therefore, in this review we discuss the important transcription factors and coactivators that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health)
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34 pages, 4467 KiB  
Review
Lipid Metabolism and Cancer
by Hui Cheng, Meng Wang, Jingjing Su, Yueyue Li, Jiao Long, Jing Chu, Xinyu Wan, Yu Cao and Qinglin Li
Life 2022, 12(6), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060784 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7352
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, movement, membrane homeostasis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a typical feature of malignant tumors. In a variety of [...] Read more.
Lipid metabolism is involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, movement, membrane homeostasis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a typical feature of malignant tumors. In a variety of cancers, fat uptake, storage and fat production are up-regulated, which in turn promotes the rapid growth, invasion, and migration of tumors. This paper systematically summarizes the key signal transduction pathways and molecules of lipid metabolism regulating tumors, and the role of lipid metabolism in programmed cell death. In conclusion, understanding the potential molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism and the functions of different lipid molecules may facilitate elucidating the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of cancer in order to discover new potential targets for the development of effective antitumor drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Impacts on Health)
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