Myelin and Oligodendrocyte-Neuron Interactions
A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 49232
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
The insulating properties of myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), together with nodes of Ranvier, small axonal domains highly enriched in voltage-gated Na+ channels, allow the fast saltatory transmission of action potentials. The myelination profile and node of Ranvier distribution contribute to adjusting the timing of impulse transmission, critical for coincident arrival of synaptic inputs from multiple axons in sensory system. The multifactorial process leading to nodal proteins assembly in the CNS during development remains partially understood, with the recent hypothesis that these mechanisms might differ depending on neuronal sub-populations. In addition, our understanding of cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms underlying myelination is still partial. Recent studies demonstrate that adaptive, activity-dependent myelination is crucial for neuronal conduction and reinforcement of selected circuit during learning. Oligodendrocytes and precursors sense neuronal activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and so trigger proliferation and/or differentiation into myelinating cells. In turn, oligodendroglial cells secrete microvesicles and proteins with neuromodulatory and neuroprotective functions into extracellular space. Some molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions have been unraveled. Moreover, recent developmental studies have characterized distinct subpopulations of oligodendroglial precursor cells which are functionally diverse in their response to neurons. Alterations of oligodendrocytes-neurons interactions have been observed in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and in different types of neuronal injury, and impact information processing capacity of the CNS. Promoting efficient signaling between neurons and oligodendrocytes will participate to remyelination and recovery from demyelinating injuries.
Dr. Nathalie Sol-Foulon
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- node of ranvier
- Myelin
- Oligodendrocytes
- neuron-glia interactions
- Na+ channels
- K+ channels
- multiple sclerosis
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