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Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials
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Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 6398

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jana Bidulská

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
Interests: powder metallurgy; metal forming; ECAP; ECAR; additive manufacturing; metal and alloys; light-weight materials; soft magnetic materials; microstructure; porosity; mechanical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the metal industry, mechanical properties play a important role in selecting the right metal/alloy for the right technological and industrial fields, e.g., manufacturing, machining, aerospace, and construction sectors, where metals are used under challenging temperatures, and other external factors. Understanding mechanical properties is a challenge in materials research that is of importance to ensure plastic deformation mechanisms.

For this Special Issue, we welcome papers on the above subjects using either experimental or theoretical approaches. This Special Issue aims to include a collection of reviews and research articles on the plastic deformation and mechanical behaviour of metallic materials. This includes research related to the strength, ductility, and fracture of metals across a wide range of temperatures, from cryogenic to high temperatures, as well as studies on metal sheets.

Dr. Jana Bidulská
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal
  • alloy
  • aluminium
  • plastic deformation
  • manufacturing
  • sheets
  • rolling
  • cryogenic
  • mechanical properties

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 15604 KiB  
Article
Identification of Deformation Effects While Shaping the Material Surface Relief Due to Burnishing Treatment
by Andrzej Zaborski, Robert Rogólski and Stanisław Grzywiński
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225635 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 314
Abstract
This study analyses a set of phenomena occurring in the burnished surface layer at the initial moment of deformation formation. The aim of the present research was to explain the phenomena occurring in the top layer of the material during burnishing. The presented [...] Read more.
This study analyses a set of phenomena occurring in the burnished surface layer at the initial moment of deformation formation. The aim of the present research was to explain the phenomena occurring in the top layer of the material during burnishing. The presented analyses include selected laboratory and experimental studies of the process involved in forming burnished surface layers. As shown, conducting an analysis of these processes is purposeful and important because the processes affecting final deformations determine the definitive properties of the burnished surface layers. The final results should help to increase the durability and smoothness of the surface of the products obtained. The feasibility of applying computer technology to determine the three-dimensional shape of the deformation zone formation based on measurements of the stereometry of the contact zone of the burnishing tool with the workpiece material is presented. The process of forming a deformation zone was analysed, revealing that irregularities left over from prior treatment are permanently deformed, and a new structure of irregularities is formed on the machined surface, conditioned by the mechanical, geometric, and kinematic factors of the process. Crucial to this are qualities such as the burnishing load (pressure), the type, shape, and dimensions of the tool, the properties of the workpiece material, and the roughness of the surface before burnishing. The analyses presented here include the first stage of processing, in which initial contact is made with the workpiece, and the period of actual processing, during which plastic deformation of the material occurs in three perpendicular directions, leading to the formation of a material wave on the machined surface just in front of the burnishing tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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17 pages, 8360 KiB  
Article
Mode I Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Cracks Emanating from a Semi-Ellipsoidal Pit
by Hasan Saeed, Robin Vancoillie, Farid Mehri Sofiani and Wim De Waele
Materials 2024, 17(19), 4777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17194777 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 805
Abstract
In linear elastic fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor describes the magnitude of the stress singularity near a crack tip caused by remote stress and is related to the rate of fatigue crack growth. The literature lacks SIF solutions for cracks emanating from [...] Read more.
In linear elastic fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor describes the magnitude of the stress singularity near a crack tip caused by remote stress and is related to the rate of fatigue crack growth. The literature lacks SIF solutions for cracks emanating from a three-dimensional semi-ellipsoidal pit. This study undertakes a comprehensive parametric investigation of the Mode I stress intensity factor (KI) concerning cracks originating from a semi-ellipsoidal pit in a plate. This work utilizes finite element analysis, controlled by Python scripts, to conduct an extensive study on the effect of various pit dimensions and crack lengths on KI. Two cracks in the shape of a circular arc are introduced at the pit mouth perpendicular to the loading direction. The KI values are calculated using the displacement extrapolation method. The effect of normalized geometric parameters pit-depth-to-pit-width (a/2c), pit-depth-to-plate-thickness (a/t), and crack-radius-to-pit-depth (R/a) are investigated. The crack-radius-to-pit-depth (R/a) is found to be the dominating parameter based on correlation analysis. The data obtained from 216 FEA simulations are incorporated into a predictive model using a k-dimensional (k-d) tree and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 7375 KiB  
Article
Zn-Based Alloys for Plain Bearings—Influence of Al and Cu Content on Mechanical Properties
by Angelika Kiefel, Steffen Gimmler, Christoph Broeckmann and Uwe Vroomen
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051062 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1102
Abstract
In recent decades, the requirements for plain bearing materials have continually increased, especially with new applications such as wind turbines, which require larger bearings. These new applications have completely different property profiles compared with, for example, bearings in automotive construction. Larger bearings need [...] Read more.
In recent decades, the requirements for plain bearing materials have continually increased, especially with new applications such as wind turbines, which require larger bearings. These new applications have completely different property profiles compared with, for example, bearings in automotive construction. Larger bearings need high strength and wear resistance, which established bearing materials cannot fulfill. Therefore, new alloy systems are required. This publication focuses on the influence of alloy composition and test temperature on the mechanical properties of ZnAlCu alloys. Centrifugally cast specimens were produced for the fabrication of test specimens, which were used to determine the mechanical and tribological properties. Fracture surface and wear trace analysis with scanning electron and light microscopy were used to determine occurring failure and wear mechanisms and to analyze the influence of microstructure on failure. Depending on the composition of the ZnAlCu alloys, up to three times higher strengths can be achieved compared with the white metal alloy SnSb12Cu6ZnAg. Furthermore, all the alloys investigated show good wear properties. Up to 11 wt.% aluminum and 1.5 wt.% copper, a significant decrease in the wear coefficient was observed. Knowledge about the correlation between microstructure, properties, and failure mechanisms of ZnAlCu alloys can be used to produce bearing metal alloys suitable for a wide range of applications. Since the strength values lie between those of white metals and bronze, new fields of application can also be accessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 4232 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution during High-Pressure Torsion in a 7xxx AlZnMgZr Alloy
by Anwar Qasim Ahmed, Dániel Olasz, Elena V. Bobruk, Ruslan Z. Valiev and Nguyen Q. Chinh
Materials 2024, 17(3), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030585 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 957
Abstract
A homogenized, supersaturated AlZnMgZr alloy was processed via severe plastic deformation (SPD) using a high-pressure torsion (HPT) technique for different revolutions at room temperature to obtain an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the UFG samples were then studied using [...] Read more.
A homogenized, supersaturated AlZnMgZr alloy was processed via severe plastic deformation (SPD) using a high-pressure torsion (HPT) technique for different revolutions at room temperature to obtain an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the UFG samples were then studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile and hardness measurements. The main purpose was to study the effect of shear strain on the evolution of the microstructure of the investigated alloy. We found a very interesting evolution of the decomposed microstructure in a wide range of shear strains imposed by HPT. While the global properties, such as the average grain size (~200 nm) and hardness (~2200 MPa) appeared unchanged, the local microstructure was continuously transformed. After 1 turn of HPT, the decomposed UFG structure contained relatively large precipitates inside grains. In the sample processed by five turns in HPT, the segregation of Zn atoms into grain boundaries (GBs) was also observed. After 10 turns, more Zn atoms were segregated into GBs and only smaller-sized precipitates were observed inside grains. The intensive solute segregations into GBs may significantly affect the ductility of the material, leading to its ultralow-temperature superplasticity. Our findings pave the way for achieving advanced microstructural and mechanical properties in nanostructured metals and alloys by engineering their precipitation and segregation by means of applying different HPT regimes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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19 pages, 5490 KiB  
Article
Compression Behavior and Textures of Ti57-Nb43 Alloy at High Temperatures
by Máté Szűcs, Viktor Kárpáti, Tamás Mikó and László S. Tóth
Materials 2023, 16(22), 7116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227116 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 757
Abstract
The mechanical behavior, microstructures, as well as the crystallographic textures of the Ti57-Nb43 alloy were investigated on cylindrical specimens compressed at high temperatures, in the range of 700–1000 °C, and strain rates between 0.001 and 1.0 s−1. Hardening, followed by softening [...] Read more.
The mechanical behavior, microstructures, as well as the crystallographic textures of the Ti57-Nb43 alloy were investigated on cylindrical specimens compressed at high temperatures, in the range of 700–1000 °C, and strain rates between 0.001 and 1.0 s−1. Hardening, followed by softening behaviors, were observed as a function of strain due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization/recovery in hot deformation. The modified five-parameter Voce-type equation described well the stress–strain curves, but, for the present alloy, it was also possible with only four parameters. A new two-variables polynomial function was employed on the four parameters that described well the flow curves as a direct function of temperature and strain rate. It permitted the reduction in the number of parameters and had the predictive capacity for the flow stress at any temperature, strain, and strain rate in the investigated range. The crystallographic textures were similar at all temperatures, with an increase in intensity from 900 °C. The textures could be characterized by a double <100> and <111> fiber and a unique component of (001) <110>, the latter inherited from the initial hot-rolling texture. Viscoplastic polycrystal self-consistent deformation modeling reproduced the measured textures showing that dynamic recrystallization did not alter the development of the deformation texture, only increased its intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 4729 KiB  
Article
Impact of Blank Holding Force and Friction on Springback and Its Prediction of a Hat-Shaped Part Made of Dual-Phase Steel
by Peter Mulidrán, Emil Spišák, Miroslav Tomáš, Janka Majerníková, Jana Bidulská and Róbert Bidulský
Materials 2023, 16(2), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020811 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Formability and its prediction of high-strength steels is an important research subject for forming specialists and researchers in this field. Springback and its accurate prediction of high-strength steels are very common issues in metal forming processes. In this article, the impact of blank [...] Read more.
Formability and its prediction of high-strength steels is an important research subject for forming specialists and researchers in this field. Springback and its accurate prediction of high-strength steels are very common issues in metal forming processes. In this article, the impact of blank holding force and friction on the parts springback made of dual-phase steel was studied. Numerical predictions of the springback effect were conducted using nine combinations of yield criteria and hardening rules. Results from experiments were evaluated and compared with results from numerical simulations. The use of lower blank holding forces and PE foil can reduce springback by a significant amount. Numerical simulations where the Yoshida-Uemori hardening rule was applied produced more accurate springback prediction results compared to simulations that used Krupkowski and Hollomon’s isotropic hardening rules in number of cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plastic Deformation and Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials)
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