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Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications
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Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 15265

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anca Dinischiotu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: biocompatibility; tissue engineering; nanotoxicology; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanoparticles represent the key elements of nanotechnology. These can be obtained by two basic approaches: the top-down approach (photolithography, electron beam lithography, milling techniques, anodization, ion and plasma etching) and the bottom-up one (self-assembly of monomer/polymer molecules, chemical or electrochemical nanostructural precipitation, sol-gel processing, laser pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition). Nanoparticles have important applications in the aerospace industry, electronics, energy production and storage, food packaging, cosmetics, and also in medicine. They can be used as contrast agents in imaging, drug and gene delivery systems, as well as in tissue engineering. Their use in medicine generates highly-sensitive diagnostic tools, facilitates advanced therapies in cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease, diabetes, and also reduces the negative effects of treatments. The interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells, tissues, organs and systems of organs can result in different toxic effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants. When the level of ROS is too high, oxidative stress occurs. ROS activate the transcription factors involved in the regulation of different signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cellular death or proliferation. The biocompatibility of nanoparticles depends on the shape, size, and surface functionalization, as well as the time and dose exposure.

Prof. Anca Dinischiotu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Nanoparticle synthesis
  • Medical application
  • Food packaging
  • Cosmetics
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Oxidative stress
  • Biocompatibility

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1923 KiB  
Article
Lutein Treatment Effects on the Redox Status and Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Oral Cancer Squamous Cells—Are There Therapeutical Hopes?
by Dan Alexandru Enășescu, Mihaela Georgeta Moisescu, Marina Imre, Maria Greabu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Iulia Stanescu-Spinu, Marian Burcea, Crenguta Albu and Daniela Miricescu
Materials 2021, 14(11), 2968; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112968 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2600
Abstract
Carotenoids loaded in nanoparticles should be regarded as a promising way to increase the availability in healthy cells and to induce apoptosis in cancer. Lutein is a carotenoid that, in contrast to beta-carotene, has no known toxicities. Oral cancer represents one of the [...] Read more.
Carotenoids loaded in nanoparticles should be regarded as a promising way to increase the availability in healthy cells and to induce apoptosis in cancer. Lutein is a carotenoid that, in contrast to beta-carotene, has no known toxicities. Oral cancer represents one of the most frequent types of cancer world-wide with an incidence rate of about 9% of all types of cancer. Almost 95% of all oral cancers are represented by squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The aim of this study was to review and analyse the effects of lutein and Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Nps containing lutein (Lut Nps) on oxidative stress biomarkers (OXSR-1, FOXO-3, TAC) and collagen degradation biomarker–MMP-9, in human cells BICR10 of buccal mucosa squamous carcinoma. Lut Nps were prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. MMP, OXSR-1, TAC, FOXO-3 and MMP-9 were measured in tumour cell lysates by the ELISA technique. Our results have shown that in Lut 100 cells and Lut Nps the OXSR1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and TAC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) values were significantly higher than in control cells. The Lut 100 and Lut Nps FOXO-3 levels revealed no significant differences versus the control. MMP-9 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the Lut Nps cells versus control cells. In our study conditions, lutein and lutein Nps did not trigger an oxidative stress by ROS induction. However, lutein Nps treatment seemed to have a positive effect, by downregulating the MMP-9 levels. Loaded in Nps, lutein could be regarded as a protective factor against local invasiveness, in whose molecular landscape MMPs, and especially MMP-9 are the main actors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications)
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14 pages, 3156 KiB  
Article
Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Phospholipid-Based Polymeric Micelles Induces Renal Transitory Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Mice
by Mihaela Balas, Ioana Mihaela Popescu Din, Anca Hermenean, Ludmila Otilia Cinteza and Anca Dinischiotu
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2605; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102605 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1837
Abstract
The renal toxicity induced by the intravenously injected iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) encapsulated in phospholipid-based polymeric micelles was studied in CD1 mice for 2 weeks. Two doses of 5 and 15 mg of Fe/kg bodyweight of NPs or saline solution (control) were tested, [...] Read more.
The renal toxicity induced by the intravenously injected iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) encapsulated in phospholipid-based polymeric micelles was studied in CD1 mice for 2 weeks. Two doses of 5 and 15 mg of Fe/kg bodyweight of NPs or saline solution (control) were tested, and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress parameters, and the expressions of kidney fibrosis biomarkers were analyzed. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the kidney were significantly decreased compared to the control in the first 3 days followed by a recovery up to 14 days. Concomitantly, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) levels and a decrease in protein thiol groups were recorded. Moreover, increases in the expressions of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were observed in mouse tissue samples in the first week, which were more pronounced for the higher dose. The results suggested the role of oxidative stress as a mechanism for induced toxicity in mice kidneys after the IV administration of IONPs encapsulated in phospholipid-based polymeric micelles but also the capacity of the kidneys’ defense systems to revert efficiently the biochemical modifications that were moderate and for short duration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications)
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21 pages, 3368 KiB  
Article
Novel Polymeric Micelles-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for In Vivo Bioimaging of Liver: Toxicological Profile and Contrast Enhancement
by Ioana Mihaela Popescu Din, Mihaela Balas, Anca Hermenean, Luce Vander Elst, Sophie Laurent, Carmen Burtea, Ludmila Otilia Cinteza and Anca Dinischiotu
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2722; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122722 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2278
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are intensively studied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as contrast agents but yet there remained some gaps regarding their toxicity potential and clinical implications of their biodistribution in organs. This study presents the effects induced by magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated in polymeric [...] Read more.
Magnetic nanoparticles are intensively studied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as contrast agents but yet there remained some gaps regarding their toxicity potential and clinical implications of their biodistribution in organs. This study presents the effects induced by magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated in polymeric micelles (MNP-DSPE-PEG) on biochemical markers, metabolic functions, and MRI signal in CD1 mice liver. Three groups of animals, one control and the other ones injected with a suspension of five, respectively, 15 mg Fe/kg bw nanoparticles, were monitored up to 14 days. The results indicated the presence of MNP-DSPE-PEG in the liver in the first two days of the experiment. The most significant biochemical changes also occurred in the first 3 days after exposure when the most severe histological changes were observed. The change of the MRI signal intensity on the T2-weighted images and increased transverse relaxation rates R2 in the liver were observed after the first minutes from the nanoparticle administration. The study shows that the alterations of biomarkers level resulting from exposure to MNP-DSPE-PEG are restored in time in mice liver. This was associated with a significant contrast on T2-weighted images and made us conclude that these nanoparticles might be potential candidates for use as a contrast agent in liver medical imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications)
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16 pages, 9609 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Interaction between Two Different Types of Nanoparticles and Serum Albumin
by Roxana E. Cristian, Israa J. Mohammad, Maria Mernea, Beatrice G. Sbarcea, Bogdan Trica, Miruna S. Stan and Anca Dinischiotu
Materials 2019, 12(19), 3183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193183 - 28 Sep 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3014
Abstract
Two different types of nanoparticles (silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide) were selected within this study in order to analyze the interaction with bovine and human serum albumin. These particles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) [...] Read more.
Two different types of nanoparticles (silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide) were selected within this study in order to analyze the interaction with bovine and human serum albumin. These particles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). In addition, the hydrodynamic size and the zeta potential were measured for all these nanoparticles. The serum proteins were incubated with the nanoparticles for up to one hour, and the albumin adsorption on the particle surface was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The effect induced on the secondary structure of proteins was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that albumin adsorbed on the surface of both types of nanoparticles, but in different quantities. In addition, we noticed different changes in the structure of albumin depending on the physicochemical properties of each type of particle tested. In conclusion, our study provides a comparative analysis between the different characteristics of nanoparticles and the protein corona formed on the particle surface and effects induced on protein structure in order to direct the development of “safe-by-design” nanoparticles, as their demands for research and applications continue to increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications)
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Review

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33 pages, 5451 KiB  
Review
Elemental Silver Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis and Bio Applications
by Oleg V. Mikhailov and Ekaterina O. Mikhailova
Materials 2019, 12(19), 3177; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193177 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4679
Abstract
The data on the specifics of synthesis of elemental silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) having various geometric shapes (pseudo spherical, prismatic, cubic, trigonal-pyramidal, etc.), obtained by using various biological methods, and their use in biology and medicine have been systematized and generalized. The review covers [...] Read more.
The data on the specifics of synthesis of elemental silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) having various geometric shapes (pseudo spherical, prismatic, cubic, trigonal-pyramidal, etc.), obtained by using various biological methods, and their use in biology and medicine have been systematized and generalized. The review covers mainly publications published in the current 21st century. Bibliography: 262 references. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications)
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