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Materials
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Research of Pyrolysis and Conversion of Materials and Thermodynamic Characteristics
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Research of Pyrolysis and Conversion of Materials and Thermodynamic Characteristics

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2024) | Viewed by 2962

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jacek Kluska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Robert Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: gasification; pyrolysis; combustion; biochar; biomass; wastes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paweł Kazimierski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: combustion; alternative fuel; pyrolysis process; thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to reduction in wood resources and environmental protection thermochemical conversion of biomass waste, as well as agriculture residues is becoming an increasingly important issue. For this reason, biomass, as well as agriculture waste, have become the subject of analyzes in terms of biochar production. The whole field of different biogenic residues engineering is underpinned by thermochemical conversion, and, more precisely, the pyrolysis process. The most important task is to select the appropriate biomass waste and analyze it in terms of physical and chemical properties, as well as to determine the properties of the resulting process products. A thorough analysis of solid products can provide space for their use in construction, agriculture, soil improvement or the production of barbecue charcoal. The analysis of the liquid fraction is the basis for obtaining bio-oil, and the gas fraction for obtaining high-caloric gases for the production of heat and electricity. An important scientific aspect is also the thermodynamic analysis, which allows to determine the dynamics of the process, the rate of heating of the bed and fuel particles, as well as the time scales of the pyrolysis process and chemical reactions.

Dr. Jacek Kluska
Dr. Paweł Kazimierski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biochar
  • carbonization
  • biogenic resudues
  • TGA
  • bio-oils

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 5451 KiB  
Article
Study on the Effect of Hydrothermal Carbonization Parameters on Fuel Properties of Sewage Sludge Hydrochar
by Małgorzata Hejna, Kacper Świechowski and Andrzej Białowiec
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6903; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216903 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
In the wake of economic and population growth, increased wastewater production poses a challenge related to sewage sludge treatment, which is problematic given its high moisture content, amount, and hazardous characteristics. This study focuses on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge to produce [...] Read more.
In the wake of economic and population growth, increased wastewater production poses a challenge related to sewage sludge treatment, which is problematic given its high moisture content, amount, and hazardous characteristics. This study focuses on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge to produce carbonous material–hydrochar, which may be an alternative to fossil fuels. The effect of process parameters, namely, temperature (180, 240, 300 °C) and duration time (30, 90, 180 min), on hydrochar properties (proximate and ultimate analysis, heating values) and process performance were studied. Obtained results indicate and confirm that hydrothermal carbonization, especially temperature increase, improves the fuel properties of carbonized sewage sludge. The highest low heating value was obtained for hydrochar derived at 300 °C in 180 min (~23 MJ × kg−1). The highest energy gain was noted for hydrochar derived at 240 °C in 180 min (~23%). As well as relatively high mass and energy yield in comparison to other hydrochars, these parameters are considered the most favorable for sewage sludge hydrothermal carbonization. However, high energy consumption (over 1300 kJ × g−1) suggests that more research on the process’s economical efficacy is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Pyrolysis and Conversion of Materials and Thermodynamic Characteristics)
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15 pages, 4172 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Efficiency of Hetero- and Homogeneous Catalysts in Cellulose Liquefaction
by Paulina Kosmela and Paweł Kazimierski
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186135 - 9 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1088
Abstract
Biomass liquefaction is a well-known and extensively described process. Hydrothermal processes are well understood and can be used in the fuel industry. The use of organic solvents can result in full-fledged products for use in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The plastics industry, including [...] Read more.
Biomass liquefaction is a well-known and extensively described process. Hydrothermal processes are well understood and can be used in the fuel industry. The use of organic solvents can result in full-fledged products for use in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The plastics industry, including polyurethanes, is targeting new, more environmentally friendly solutions. One of these is the replacement of petrochemical polyols with compounds obtained from renewable sources. It is common in biomass liquefaction to use sulfuric acid (VI) as a catalyst. The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a heterogeneous catalyst such as Nafion ion-exchange resin on the cellulose liquefaction process. The results obtained were compared with the bio-polyols obtained in a conventional way, using a homogeneous catalyst (sulfuric acid (VI)). Depending on the catalyst used and the temperature of the process, bio-polyols characterized, among other things, by a hydroxyl number in the range of 740–400 mgKOH/g were obtained. The research provides new information on the possibility of using heterogeneous catalysts in cellulose liquefaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Pyrolysis and Conversion of Materials and Thermodynamic Characteristics)
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