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Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2024 | Viewed by 9142

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yong Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
Interests: surface engineering and coating technologies for tribological; corrosion resistance and biomedical applications; characterisation of surface engineered systems; tribology, corrosion and tribocorrosion of surface engineered materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion is one of the most damaging and costly material degradation problems in industrial settings. It leads to economic losses equivalent to 3–4% of the GDP of an industrialised country every year. Many materials derive their corrosion resistance from passivity, i.e., the formation of a passive film at the surface. Any damage to the passive film during service can lead to accelerated corrosion, which in turn can lead to accelerated wear. Thus, tribocorrosion is also a common degradation phenomenon in industry. For decades, efforts have been made to tackle the grave challenges of corrosion and tribocorrosion. Among the many techniques developed, surface engineering and coating technologies are the most effective because material degradation due to corrosion is a surface- and subsurface-related phenomenon.

A surface engineering and coating system is a composite system comprising the surface layer, the subsurface zone and the substrate. Through the proper design and implementation of the surface coating, subsurface and substrate as a system, the corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of engineering materials can be considerably enhanced. Significant progress has been made in this respect. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest developments in this technologically and economically important area, compiling unique advances in coating development, corrosion and tribocorrosion characterisation and industrial applications.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Contributions from academic research, application-oriented research and industrial field studies are welcome, and may take the form of full papers, communications and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Yong Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surface engineering
  • coatings
  • corrosion
  • corrosion protection
  • tribocorrosion
  • corrosive wear
  • electrochemistry
  • subsurface

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6876 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Passive Films on 17-7PH and 410 Stainless Steel Exposed to NaCl Solution
by Brisa Martínez-Aparicio, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Facundo Almeraya-Calderon, Reece Goldsberry and Homero Castaneda
Materials 2024, 17(16), 4060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164060 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 428
Abstract
This work covers the formation of a passive state for two different alloys used in the aeronautical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of passivation treatments on 17-7PH and 410 SS (stainless steel) samples, specifically when performed with [...] Read more.
This work covers the formation of a passive state for two different alloys used in the aeronautical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of passivation treatments on 17-7PH and 410 SS (stainless steel) samples, specifically when performed with citric and nitric acid solutions at 49 °C using an immersion time of 90 min and subsequent exposure in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Employing the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) technique, the corrosion properties of the passivated material were evaluated according to the ASTM G65-11 standard. A microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The passivated layer was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the results, the CPP curves showed positive hysteresis, indicating pitting localized corrosion, and 17-7PH steel passivated at 49 °C for 90 min in citric acid exhibited lower corrosion rate values equivalent to ×10−3 mm/year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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14 pages, 2532 KiB  
Article
The Mechanical and Electrochemical Stability of Trimethysilane Plasma Nanocoatings Deposited onto Cobalt Chromium Cardiovascular Stents
by ThiThuHa Phan, John E. Jones, Yixuan Liao, Qingsong Yu and Meng Chen
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153699 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 480
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the coating integrity performance and corrosion protection property of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings that were directly deposited onto cobalt chromium (CoCr) L605 cardiovascular stents. Hydrophilic surfaces were achieved for the TMS plasma nanocoatings that were [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the coating integrity performance and corrosion protection property of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings that were directly deposited onto cobalt chromium (CoCr) L605 cardiovascular stents. Hydrophilic surfaces were achieved for the TMS plasma nanocoatings that were deposited onto the coronary stents through NH3/O2 (2:1 molar ratio) plasma post-treatment. With a coating thickness of approximately 20–25 nm, the TMS plasma nanocoatings were highly durable and able to resist delamination and cracking from crimping and expansion by a Model CX with a J-Crimp Station. The stent surface that was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) showed no indications of pitting, corrosion, or adsorption products on either the luminal or abluminal surfaces of the stents, in contrast to the uncoated stent surface. The TMS plasma nanocoatings significantly enhanced the stent’s corrosion resistance in immersion experiments that followed the ASTM F2129-15 corrosion protocol, evident in the increase of the open circuit potential (OCP) from 0.01 V for the uncoated L605 stent to 0.18 V for the plasma-nanocoated L605 stent, reducing potential cytotoxic metal ion release. Cyclic polarization (CP) curves show that the corrosion rate (density level) observed in plasma-nanocoated L605 stents was approximately half an order of magnitude lower than that of the uncoated stents, indicating improved corrosion protection of the stents. CP curves of the TMS plasma-nanocoated stents with different coating thicknesses show that, in the range of 20–65 nm, the coating thickness does not result in any difference in the corrosion resistance of the stents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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11 pages, 3870 KiB  
Article
A Study of MgZnO Thin Film for Hydrogen Sensing Application
by Tien-Chai Lin, Jyun-Yan Wu, Andres Joseph John Mendez, Nadir Salazar, Hao-Lin Hsu and Wen-Chang Huang
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3677; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153677 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 417
Abstract
This research introduces a hydrogen sensor made from a thin film of magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO) deposited using a technique called radiofrequency co-sputtering (RF co-sputtering). Separate magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) targets were used to deposit the MgZnO film, experimenting with [...] Read more.
This research introduces a hydrogen sensor made from a thin film of magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO) deposited using a technique called radiofrequency co-sputtering (RF co-sputtering). Separate magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) targets were used to deposit the MgZnO film, experimenting with different deposition times and power levels. The sensor performed best (reaching a sensing response of 2.46) when exposed to hydrogen at a concentration of 1000 parts per million (ppm). This peak performance occurred with a MgZnO film thickness of 432 nanometers (nm) at a temperature of 300 °C. Initially, the sensor’s responsiveness increased as the film thickness grew. This is because thicker films tend to have more oxygen vacancies, which are imperfections that play a role in the sensor’s function. However, further increases in film thickness beyond the optimal point harmed performance. This is attributed to the growth of grains within the film, which hindered its effectiveness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were employed to thoroughly characterize the quality of the MgZnO thin film. These techniques provided valuable insights into the film’s crystal structure and morphology, crucial factors influencing its performance as a hydrogen sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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19 pages, 8408 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Passive Film Characteristics of LPBF (Laser Powder-Bed Fusion) Processing on UNS-S31603
by Reece Goldsberry, Deeparekha Narayanan, Raymundo Case, Bilal Mansoor and Homero Castaneda
Materials 2024, 17(14), 3420; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143420 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 558
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the localized corrosion resistance and passive film characteristics of laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) 316L (UNS S31603) was studied in a buffered 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 25, 50, and 75 °C. DC techniques such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization [...] Read more.
The effect of temperature on the localized corrosion resistance and passive film characteristics of laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) 316L (UNS S31603) was studied in a buffered 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 25, 50, and 75 °C. DC techniques such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization showed lower passive current densities, high breakdown potentials, and a higher resistance to initial breakdown compared with wrought 316L samples at all temperatures. However, LPBF 316L was more susceptible to metastable pitting at potentials before film breakdown and higher damage accumulation post film breakdown. AC techniques, such as Mott–Schottky analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showed that the formed passive film was more robust on the LPBF 316L samples at all temperatures, accounting for the higher initial resistance to pitting. However, with increasing temperatures, the film formed had an increasing concentration of defect density. Passive compositions at the various test temperatures studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the LPBF samples showed higher amounts of Cr and Fe oxides and hydroxides compared with the wrought samples, which made the passive films on the LPBF samples more compact and protective. Investigation of the pits formed on the LPBF showed the preferential regions of attack were the melt-pool boundaries and cell interiors due to their being depleted of Cr and Mo when compared with the boundaries and matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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15 pages, 4279 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Nitriding Temperature of AISI 316L Steel on Sub-Zero Corrosion Resistance in C2H5OH
by Beata Kucharska, Janusz Kamiński, Krzysztof Kulikowski, Tomasz Borowski, Jerzy Robert Sobiecki and Tadeusz Wierzchoń
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3056; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133056 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 441
Abstract
In this paper, glow nitriding processes at cathode potential are used at various temperatures to investigate how they affect the corrosion resistance of 316L steel in ethanol at temperatures of 22 °C and −30 °C. Lowering the test temperature reduces the corrosion rate [...] Read more.
In this paper, glow nitriding processes at cathode potential are used at various temperatures to investigate how they affect the corrosion resistance of 316L steel in ethanol at temperatures of 22 °C and −30 °C. Lowering the test temperature reduces the corrosion rate of the nitrided layers. Conversely, glow nitriding at 450 °C improves the corrosion resistance of the tested steel. Increasing the nitriding temperature to 520 °C increases the corrosion rate. It should be noted that the ethyl alcohol solution, due to the lack of aggressive ions, does not cause significant changes in the corrosion rate of the steel. The value of the corrosion current varies in the range of 10−2–10−3 µA/cm2. Nitrided layers increase the contact angle measured for water and are entirely wettable for ethanol. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the nitriding temperature of AISI 316L steel on its corrosion resistance in an ethanol solution at room temperature and at −30 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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20 pages, 8828 KiB  
Article
Effect of Rapid Hollow Cathode Plasma Nitriding Treatment on Corrosion Resistance and Friction Performance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
by Jinpeng Lu, Haichun Dou, Zelong Zhou, Haihong Li, Zhengwei Wang, Mingquan Jiang, Fengjiao Li, Yue Gao, Chenyu Song, Dazhen Fang, Yongyong He and Yang Li
Materials 2023, 16(24), 7616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247616 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1214
Abstract
Low-temperature plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel can ensure that its corrosion resistance does not deteriorate, improving surface hardness and wear performance. Nevertheless, it requires a longer processing time. The hollow cathode discharge effect helps increase the plasma density quickly while radiatively heating [...] Read more.
Low-temperature plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel can ensure that its corrosion resistance does not deteriorate, improving surface hardness and wear performance. Nevertheless, it requires a longer processing time. The hollow cathode discharge effect helps increase the plasma density quickly while radiatively heating the workpiece. This work is based on the hollow cathode discharge effect to perform a rapid nitriding strengthening treatment on AISI 304 stainless steels. The experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (450, 475, and 500 °C) for 1 h in an ammonia atmosphere. The samples were characterized using various techniques, including SEM, AFM, XPS, XRD, and micro-hardness measurement. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were employed to assess the electrochemical behavior of the different samples in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The finding suggests that rapid hollow cathode plasma nitriding can enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion properties of AISI 304 stainless steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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16 pages, 8626 KiB  
Article
Laser Melting of Prefabrication AlOOH-Activated Film on the Surface of Nodular Cast Iron and Its Associated Properties
by Xiaoyu Zhang, Xiuyuan Yin, Chen Liu and Changsheng Liu
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155486 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1143
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the absorption rate of laser energy on the surface of nodular cast iron and further improve its thermal stability and wear resistance. After a 0.3 mm thick AlOOH activation film was pre-sprayed onto the polished surface of the [...] Read more.
This study aimed to improve the absorption rate of laser energy on the surface of nodular cast iron and further improve its thermal stability and wear resistance. After a 0.3 mm thick AlOOH activation film was pre-sprayed onto the polished surface of the nodular cast iron, a GWLASER 6 kw fiber laser cladding system was used to prepare a mixed dense oxide layer mainly composed of Al2O3, Fe3O4, and SiO2 using the optimal laser melting parameters of 470 W (laser power) and 5.5 mm/s (scanning speed). By comparing and characterizing the prefabricated laser-melted surface, the laser-remelted surface with the same parameters, and the substrate surface, it was found that there was little difference in the structure, composition, and performance between the laser-remelted surface and the substrate surface except for the morphology. The morphology, structure, and performance of the laser-melted surface underwent significant changes, with a stable surface line roughness of 0.9 μm and a 300–400 μm deep heat-affected zone. It could undergo two 1100 °C thermal shock cycles; its average microhardness increased by more than one compared to the remelted and substrate surfaces of 300 HV, with a maximum hardness of 900 HV; and the average friction coefficient and wear quantity decreased to 0.4370 and 0.001 g, respectively. The prefabricated activated film layer greatly improved the thermal stability and wear resistance of the nodular cast iron surface while reducing the laser melting power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 7958 KiB  
Review
Laser Shock Peening: Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Metallic Material Wear Resistance Improvement
by Xiaodie Cao, Jiali Wu, Guisheng Zhong, Jiajun Wu and Xinhui Chen
Materials 2024, 17(4), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040909 - 16 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1397
Abstract
With the rapid development of the advanced manufacturing industry, equipment requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. Since metallic materials often present failure problems resulting from wear due to extreme service conditions, researchers have developed various methods to improve their properties. Laser shock peening (LSP) [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of the advanced manufacturing industry, equipment requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. Since metallic materials often present failure problems resulting from wear due to extreme service conditions, researchers have developed various methods to improve their properties. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a highly efficacious mechanical surface modification technique utilized to enhance the microstructure of the near-surface layer of metallic materials, which improves mechanical properties such as wear resistance and solves failure problems. In this work, we summarize the fundamental principles of LSP and laser-induced plasma shock waves, along with the development of this technique. In addition, exemplary cases of LSP treatment used for wear resistance improvement in metallic materials of various nature, including conventional metallic materials, laser additively manufactured parts, and laser cladding coatings, are outlined in detail. We further discuss the mechanism by which the microhardness enhancement, grain refinement, and beneficial residual stress are imparted to metallic materials by using LSP treatment, resulting in a significant improvement in wear resistance. This work serves as an important reference for researchers to further explore the fundamentals and the metallic material wear resistance enhancement mechanism of LSP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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41 pages, 18426 KiB  
Review
Tribocorrosion and Surface Protection Technology of Titanium Alloys: A Review
by Yang Li, Zelong Zhou and Yongyong He
Materials 2024, 17(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010065 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility and is widely used in marine equipment, biomedicine, aerospace, and other fields. However, the application of titanium alloy in special working conditions shows some shortcomings, such as low hardness [...] Read more.
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility and is widely used in marine equipment, biomedicine, aerospace, and other fields. However, the application of titanium alloy in special working conditions shows some shortcomings, such as low hardness and poor wear resistance, which seriously affect the long life and safe and reliable service of the structural parts. Tribocorrosion has been one of the research hotspots in the field of tribology in recent years, and it is one of the essential factors affecting the application of passivated metal in corrosive environments. In this work, the characteristics of the marine and human environments and their critical tribological problems are analyzed, and the research connotation of tribocorrosion of titanium alloy is expounded. The research status of surface protection technology for titanium alloy in marine and biological environments is reviewed, and the development direction and trends in surface engineering of titanium alloy are prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering & Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance—Volume II)
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