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Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume
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Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 4429

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tina Poklepovic Pericic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Interests: evidence-based dental medicine; systematic reviews; scoping reviews; methodological research; assessment of research quality; clinical practice guidelines; qualitative studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Josip Kranjčić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: prosthodontics; dental materials; oral rehabilitation; temporomandibular disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The success of our previous first volume of the Special Issue “Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application” underlines that the development of dentistry, and thus dental materials, is very fast and requires further research. This fact has encouraged us to create a second Special Issue under the same title that will further present state-of-the-art advances in dental materials.

Nowadays, the expectations of patients and he demands of dentists are therefore increasing. Much effort is invested in the development and improvement of the properties of dental materials used in everyday practice. The aesthetic properties of the materials are very important, but so are their mechanical and physical properties, meaning that they can withstand loads within a very dynamic environment—the oral cavity.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to present the results of the latest research on the properties of various materials: ceramic, acrylic resin and composite materials and dental alloys, and their application in the field of prosthodontics using analog and digital technologies, i.e., additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies.

As the Guest Editors of the journal Materials, we would like to invite you to submit a research article, review paper, or case report.

Dr. Tina Poklepovic Pericic
Dr. Josip Kranjčić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental materials
  • ceramics
  • dental alloys
  • composite materials
  • CAD–CAM technology
  • dental implants
  • prosthodontics
  • fixed prosthodontics
  • removable dental prosthesis base materials
  • restorative dentistry

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2616 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Three-Dimensional Printer Technology on the Accuracy of Dental Implant Models
by Alexander Strunz, Lara Berger, Anna Seidel, Johannes Ries, Werner Adler, Manfred Wichmann and Ragai Edward Matta
Materials 2025, 18(9), 1902; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091902 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
This study examines the impact of different 3D printing technologies on the accuracy of implant positions in printed dental models, a crucial factor in implant-supported prosthetics. A standardized titanium model with three bone-level implants was scanned using an industrial scanner to create a [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of different 3D printing technologies on the accuracy of implant positions in printed dental models, a crucial factor in implant-supported prosthetics. A standardized titanium model with three bone-level implants was scanned using an industrial scanner to create a virtual reference model. Ten intraoral scans of the same model were performed, and the generated STL files were used to design physical models printed with three different 3D printers: two utilizing digital light processing (DLP) technology and one employing stereolithography (SLA) (n = 30). The printed models were then rescanned, and deviations from the reference STL file were analyzed. Results showed that the SLA printer exhibited the highest deviations (0.26 ± 0.17 mm), whereas the DLP printers demonstrated greater accuracy, with one DLP system (0.07 ± 0.02 mm) performing slightly better than the other (0.12 ± 0.13 mm). The SLA printer exhibited the most significant errors in the vestibulo-oral and occlusal-apical directions. The findings suggest that DLP printers offer superior precision for implant-supported restorations in digital workflows. Clinically, the choice of 3D printing technology significantly impacts model accuracy, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate printer based on the required precision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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13 pages, 4569 KiB  
Article
Biconometric Connections in Dental Implants: A Pilot Mechanical Study
by Nicole Riberti, Michele Furlani, Emanuele Tognoli, Adriano Piattelli, Luca Comuzzi, Alessandra Giuliani and Andrea Gatto
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071415 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 269
Abstract
Background: In dental implants, micro-gaps at the fixation–abutment interface can cause peri-implantitis and/or loosening or loss of the fixation screw; therefore, three-dimensional imaging is widely used to examine different types of connections. In the present study, we focus on the analysis on biconometric [...] Read more.
Background: In dental implants, micro-gaps at the fixation–abutment interface can cause peri-implantitis and/or loosening or loss of the fixation screw; therefore, three-dimensional imaging is widely used to examine different types of connections. In the present study, we focus on the analysis on biconometric connections to detect and (possibly) measure the presence of micro-gaps in the as-positioned state and after repeated loading and unloading. Methods: Seven biconometric dental implants were characterized using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In two specimens (group 1), the cap was inserted, and only the apical portion was imaged, to evaluate the cap–abutment connection; in the remaining five specimens (group 2), the fixture–abutment connection was analyzed. Two implants in group 2 were also subjected to load tests to verify whether stresses could induce the formation of micro-gaps as a consequence of preload loss. Results: Micro-CT analysis showed the absence of micro-gaps greater than 10 µm in both cap–abutment and abutment–fixture connections. This was verified, in the fixture–abutment connection, even after mechanical loading and unloading. The results were reproducible in all the investigated samples in the different experimental conditions. Conclusions: In the human force range during chewing, the conical connection showed a high level of resistance to micro-gap formation at the implant–abutment interface. The absence of micro-gaps, as demonstrated here, provides encouraging preliminary data regarding the stability of the biconometric connections, which will be further verified in follow-up studies on a larger sample size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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14 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Accuracy Evaluation of Indirect Bonding Techniques for Clear Aligner Attachments Using 3D-Printed Models: An In Silico and Physical Model-Based Study
by Cosmina Raluca Fratila, Luis Óscar Alonso-Ezpeleta, Manuel Poveda-Saenz, Giovanni Giovannini, Ana Belén Lobo-Galindo, Javier Flores-Fraile and Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
Materials 2025, 18(4), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040780 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 566
Abstract
An inaccurate bonding procedure of the attachments related to clear aligner systems could influence the predictability of tooth movement The aim of this study was to compare the positioning reliability of horizontal and vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments. Materials and Methods: A total [...] Read more.
An inaccurate bonding procedure of the attachments related to clear aligner systems could influence the predictability of tooth movement The aim of this study was to compare the positioning reliability of horizontal and vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 horizontal and 70 vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments were bonded to five upper and five lower experimental anatomically based acrylic resin models with 14 clinical crowns each. The experimental anatomically based acrylic resin models were randomly distributed to the following study groups: Group A—horizontal orthodontic clear aligner attachments (n = 70) (HORIZONTAL) and Group B—vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments (n = 70) (VERTICAL). Afterward, the orthodontic clear aligner attachments were digitally planned using orthodontic planning software, and orthodontic templates were manufactured by thermoforming on 3D-printed models in trilayer glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate. Both horizontal and vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments were put through an intra-oral scan to obtain a postoperative digital image, and PAPver, PCPver, PMVver, AUver, Alver, PPMhor, PPDhor, PMVhor, AMhor and ADhor cephalometric parameters were analyzed using a t-test or a non-parametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that all cephalometric parameters showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the accuracy of the indirect bonding technique for horizontal and vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments, except for the PAPver (p = 0.6079) and PMVhor (p = 0.5001) cephalometric parameters. Conclusions: The vertical orthodontic clear aligner attachments are more accurate than the horizontal orthodontic clear aligner attachments through the indirect bonding technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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25 pages, 5935 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Behavior of PEEK and PMMA Graphene and Ti6Al4V Implant-Supported Frameworks: In Silico Study
by Mariano Herrero-Climent, Fernando Sanchez-Lasheras, Jordi Martinez-Lopez, Javier Gil and Aritza Brizuela-Velasco
Materials 2025, 18(2), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020441 - 18 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 969
Abstract
A comparative analysis has been carried out between three different dental materials suitable for the prostheses manufacturing. The analysis performed is based on the finite elements method (FEM) and was made to evaluate their performance under three different loading conditions. Three different materials [...] Read more.
A comparative analysis has been carried out between three different dental materials suitable for the prostheses manufacturing. The analysis performed is based on the finite elements method (FEM) and was made to evaluate their performance under three different loading conditions. Three different materials were modeled with 3D CAD geometry, all of them suitable to be simulated by means of a linear elastic model. The materials employed were graphene polymethyl methacrylate (G-PMMA) with 0.25% of graphene, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and Ti6Al4V. Three loading conditions have been defined: distal, medial, and central. In all cases under study, the load was applied progressively, 5 N by 5 N until a previously fixed threshold of 25 N was reached, which always ensures that work is carried out in the elastic zone. The behavior of G-PMMA and PEEK in the tests performed is similar. Regarding maximum deformations in the model, it has been found that deformations are higher in the G-PMMA models when compared to those made of PEEK. The highest values of maximum stress according to the von Mises criteria are achieved in models made of Ti6Al4V, followed by G-PMMA and PEEK. G-PMMA is more prone to plastic deformations compared to Ti6Al4V. However, due to its relatively higher stiffness compared to other common polymers, G-PMMA is able to withstand moderate stress levels before significant deformation occurs, placing it in the intermediate position between Ti6Al4V and PEEK in terms of stress capacity. It should be noted that there is also a difference in the results obtained depending on the applied load, whether distal, medial, or central, proving that, in all simulations, it is the distal test that offers the worst results in terms of presenting a higher value for both displacement and tension. The results obtained allow us to identify the advantages and limitations of each material in terms of structural strength, mechanical behavior, and adaptability to loading conditions that simulate realistic scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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19 pages, 5649 KiB  
Article
Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Two Types of Short-Angled Implants Across Various Bone Classifications
by Mario Ceddia, Tea Romasco, Nilton De Bortoli, Jr., Bruno Freitas Mello, Adriano Piattelli, Eitan Mijiritsky, Natalia Di Pietro and Bartolomeo Trentadue
Materials 2024, 17(23), 5680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235680 - 21 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 889
Abstract
The aim of this finite element analysis (FEA) was to investigate the distribution of von Mises stress within dental implant components, as well as trabecular and cortical bone. The study considered various bone qualities that influence cortical thickness in contact with the implant, [...] Read more.
The aim of this finite element analysis (FEA) was to investigate the distribution of von Mises stress within dental implant components, as well as trabecular and cortical bone. The study considered various bone qualities that influence cortical thickness in contact with the implant, specifically examining cortical thicknesses of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 mm, corresponding to Bergkvist’s classifications IV, III, and II, respectively. A simplified 3D model of the bone was developed for the analysis. Two short implants were inserted into the model: one with a 30° inclined abutment (IA) and another positioned at a 30° angle featuring a straight abutment (II). A vertical force (120 N) was applied to the upper surface of the abutments. FEA software was employed to assess the stresses on the peri-implant tissues and the implants. The findings indicated that a reduction in cortical bone thickness results in an increase in stress within the cortical bone. For IA, the stresses recorded 32.56, 56.12, and 96.14 MPa for cortical thicknesses of 3, 1.5, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Conversely, II exhibited increased stresses across all bone qualities (52.32, 76.15, and 126.32 MPa for the same cortical thicknesses). It is advisable to avoid II in cases of poor bone quality and thin cortical due to the heightened risk of overload-induced bone resorption; however, it may be preferable to use IA in scenarios involving good bone quality and thicker cortical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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15 pages, 1991 KiB  
Article
Mechanical, Adhesive and Surface Properties of a Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate CAD/CAM Ceramic Exposed to Different Etching Protocols
by Fabián Murillo-Gómez, José Roberto Hernández-Víquez, José Roberto Sauma-Montes de Oca, Cristina Vargas-Vargas, Natalia González-Vargas, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit and Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños
Materials 2024, 17(20), 5039; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17205039 - 15 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of etching protocols on bond strength, surface roughness, and mechanical properties of a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) CAD/CAM-ceramic. In total, 100 bars (ISO 6872), 75 plaques, and 25 cubes were cut from ZLS [...] Read more.
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of etching protocols on bond strength, surface roughness, and mechanical properties of a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) CAD/CAM-ceramic. In total, 100 bars (ISO 6872), 75 plaques, and 25 cubes were cut from ZLS blocks(Vita Suprinity®). The surfaces were standardized, crystallized and divided into five groups: 1. control (no/treatment-C), 2. 5%-Hydrofluoric-acid (HF)/20 s (HF5%20s), 3.HF5%60s, 4.HF10%20s, and 5.HF10%60s. Flexural strength (FS) (three-point bending test, 1 mm/min), roughness (Pa), and micro-shear bond-strength (µSBS) tests were performed. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (p ˂ 0.05) and Weibull (FS data). C showed higher Pa (1.176 ± 0.370 µm) than HF10%60s (0.627 ± 0.236 µm) and all other groups. Groups C and 20 s showed the most irregular surface patterns. The FS results were not influenced by etching protocols, while the Weibull modulus was, with the 5%HF groups being the most reliable (m: 5.63/6.70), while C and HF10%60s (m: 2.78/2.73) were the least reliable. All fractures originated from surface defects on the treated side of specimens. The 5%HF groups showed higher µSBS (20 s: 21.35 ± 4.70 MPa; 60 s: 23.50 ± 4.27 MPa) than the 10%HF groups (20 s: 14.51 ± 2.47 MPa; 60 s: 16.54 ± 3.12 MPa) and C (6.46 ± 2.71 MPa). The most prevalent failure pattern was “mixed” for etched groups, and “adhesive” for C. Etching protocols affect the evaluated properties by roughening materials’ surface and, in some cases, regularizing surface defects. The best overall outcomes were achieved when applying 5%HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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