Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Pathways to Progression and Opportunities for Intervention

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 323

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Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Interests: bacterial pathogenesis; pancreatic cancer; vaccine and drug development
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Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Interests: infectious diseases; host-pathogen interaction; bacterial infection; viral infection; gut microbiome
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human gut microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, particularly within the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Recent research has uncovered a complex relationship between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal cancers, which include colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiome, has been increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Not only does the microbiota influence the development of malignancies, but it also affects tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This Special Issue (SI) aims to explore the various mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to gastrointestinal cancer progression, with a focus on microbial-induced inflammation, immune modulation, and metabolic alterations. Additionally, the SI will investigate the emerging opportunities for microbiota-targeted interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation, as promising therapeutic approaches to combat cancer and improve patient outcomes.

By integrating cutting-edge research, this Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal cancers, providing novel insights that could lead to more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Vikas Kumar Somani
Dr. Naoshad Muhammad
Dr. Somya Aggarwal
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • gastrointestinal cancer
  • dysbiosis
  • colorectal cancer
  • gastric cancer
  • pancreatic cancer
  • esophageal cancer
  • cancer progression
  • tumor microenvironment
  • inflammation
  • immune modulation
  • metabolic alterations
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • microbial therapies
  • fecal microbiota transplantation
  • cancer immunotherapy
  • tumor-associated microbiome
  • gut–brain axis
  • microbiome modulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2076 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota-Based Immunotherapy: Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for Oral Delivery of Glypican-1 in Pancreatic Cancer
by Idris Vruzhaj, Marta Gambirasi, Davide Busato, Aurora Giacomin, Giuseppe Toffoli and Amin Safa
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040633 - 30 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The administration of oral vaccines offers a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy; yet, the development of effective platforms continues to pose a difficulty. This study examines Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) as a microbial vector for the precise delivery [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The administration of oral vaccines offers a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy; yet, the development of effective platforms continues to pose a difficulty. This study examines Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) as a microbial vector for the precise delivery of Glypican-1 (GPC1), a tumor-associated antigen significantly overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).To evaluate the effectiveness of EcN as a vector for the delivery of GPC1 and assess its potential as an oral vaccination platform for cancer immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: EcN was genetically modified to produce a GPC1-flagellin fusion protein (GPC1-FL) to augment antigen immunogenicity. The expression and stability of GPC1 were confirmed in modified PANC02 cells using Western blot and flow cytometry, indicating that GPC1 expression did not influence tumor cell growth. A mouse model was employed to test immunogenicity post-oral delivery, measuring systemic IgG, IL-10, IL-2, and IFN-γ levels to indicate immune activation. Results: Oral immunization with EcN GPC1-FL elicited a robust systemic immune response, demonstrated by markedly increased levels of IgG and IL-10. IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were elevated in vaccinated mice relative to controls; however, the differences lacked statistical significance. Western blot examination of fecal samples verified consistent antigen expression in the gastrointestinal tract, indicating effective bacterial colonization and antigen retention. No detrimental impacts were noted, hence substantiating the safety of this methodology. Conclusions: These findings confirm EcN as a feasible and patient-friendly oral vaccination platform for cancer immunotherapy. The effective production of GPC1 in tumor cells, along with continuous antigen delivery and immune activation, underscores the promise of this approach for PDAC and other cancers. This study promotes microbial-based antigen delivery as a scalable, non-invasive substitute for traditional vaccine platforms. Full article
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