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Medicina
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Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition)
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Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 March 2025 | Viewed by 6025

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Se Hwan Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: rhinology; facial reconstruction; meta-analysis; microfluidics; stem cell
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Do Hyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: skull base surgery; atrophic rhinitis; allergic rhinitis; rhinosinusitis; stem cell; organoid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This collection is the second edition of a previous Special Issue on “Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases”.

Given the worldwide suffering caused by COVID-19, the importance of managing respiratory diseases is continually emphasized, highlighting the role of otolaryngology. In addition, as novel diagnostic and research tools converge, novel updates on otolaryngology diseases are being developed. This Special Issue is open to studies concerning novel surgical techniques, surgical strategies and decision making, clinical outcomes, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

The aim of this Special Issue is to deliver novel insight into otorhinolaryngologic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Se Hwan Hwang
Dr. Do Hyun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • general otorhinolaryngology
  • otology
  • laryngology
  • rhinology
  • head and neck surgery

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1459 KiB  
Article
The Modulation of Fibrosis in Vocal Fold Repair: A Study on c-Met Agonistic Antibodies and Hepatocyte Growth in Animal Studies
by Hyun-Il Shin, Hyunsu Choi, Jae-Kyun Jung and Choung-Soo Kim
Medicina 2024, 60(12), 2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60122033 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 467
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Damage to the vocal folds frequently results in fibrosis, which can degrade vocal quality due to the buildup of collagen and modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conventional treatments have shown limited success in reversing fibrotic changes. Hepatocyte growth [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Damage to the vocal folds frequently results in fibrosis, which can degrade vocal quality due to the buildup of collagen and modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conventional treatments have shown limited success in reversing fibrotic changes. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met-targeting antibodies are promising due to their potential to inhibit fibrosis and promote regeneration. This research examines the effectiveness of injections containing c-Met agonistic antibodies relative to HGF in reducing fibrosis within a rat model of vocal fold injury. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups, which were HGF, c-Met agonistic antibody, and the control (PBS). The right vocal folds were injured and treated with HGF or c-Met agonistic antibody injections. RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess mRNA levels of fibrosis-related markers at 1 and 2 weeks post-injury. Histopathological analysis was conducted at 3 weeks to evaluate collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition. Results: Both the HGF and c-Met groups demonstrated reduced type III collagen mRNA expression compared to the PBS group. The c-Met group uniquely maintained fibronectin levels closer to normal. Additionally, the c-Met group showed significantly upregulated expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1 and HAS 3 at 2 weeks post-injury, indicating enhanced HA synthesis. Histological analysis showed significantly lower collagen deposition and higher HA in the c-Met group than in PBS, confirming superior anti-fibrotic effects and ECM restoration. Conclusions: c-Met agonistic antibody injections outperformed HGF in reducing fibrosis, upregulating HAS expression, and promoting HA deposition in injured vocal folds, highlighting its potential as a superior therapeutic approach for preventing fibrosis and enhancing ECM quality in vocal fold injuries. Further research on functional outcomes in larger models is recommended to validate these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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12 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
Real-World Evaluation of Dupilumab in the Long-Term Management of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Focus on IL-4 and IL-13 Receptor Blockade
by Nicola Lombardo, Aurelio D’Ecclesia, Emanuela Chiarella, Corrado Pelaia, Debbie Riccelli, Annamaria Ruzza, Nadia Lobello and Giovanna Lucia Piazzetta
Medicina 2024, 60(12), 1996; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121996 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex inflammatory condition of the nasal passages that severely impairs quality of life. Type 2 CRS is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, driven by cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. These cytokines are key to [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex inflammatory condition of the nasal passages that severely impairs quality of life. Type 2 CRS is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, driven by cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. These cytokines are key to CRS pathogenesis and contribute to a heavy disease burden, especially with comorbidities. This study assessed dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, to evaluate its efficacy in reducing the disease burden in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Materials and Methods: The patients received subcutaneous dupilumab for 42 weeks. The outcomes included Nasal Polyp Score (NPS); Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores; total IgE; and olfactory function. Results: Significant improvements were observed across the NPS and SNOT-22, NRS, and VAS scores after 42 weeks. Their total IgE levels were reduced, though a transient increase in peripheral eosinophilia appeared at 16 weeks. The patients also reported substantial improvements in olfactory function and high satisfaction with the treatment, supporting dupilumab’s potential in reducing both symptom severity and inflammation in CRSwNP. Conclusions: These results indicate that dupilumab may be an effective treatment for CRSwNP, offering significant symptom relief, improved olfactory function, and enhanced quality of life. High satisfaction levels suggest that dupilumab may provide therapeutic advantages over the conventional CRS treatments, though further studies are warranted to confirm its long-term benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 12170 KiB  
Article
Development of a New Swine Model Resembling Human Empty Nose Syndrome
by Dan Bi Park, David W. Jang, Do Hyun Kim and Sung Won Kim
Medicina 2024, 60(10), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101559 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1212
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a debilitating condition that often results from traumatic or iatrogenic causes, such as nasal surgery. There are various conservative and surgical treatments for ENS, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. Therefore, the development of animal models [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a debilitating condition that often results from traumatic or iatrogenic causes, such as nasal surgery. There are various conservative and surgical treatments for ENS, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. Therefore, the development of animal models that accurately mimic human ENS is essential for advancing effective treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: To investigate ENS development, turbinoplasty was performed in the nasal cavity of swine, entailing partial removal of the ventral turbinate using turbinectomy scissors followed by electrocauterization. After 56 days, samples were obtained for histological and morphological analyses. Results: A significant reduction in the volume of the ventral turbinate in the ENS model led to an expansion of the nasal cavity. Histological analysis revealed mucosal epithelial changes similar to those observed in ENS patients, including squamous cell metaplasia, goblet cell metaplasia, submucosal fibrosis, and glandular atrophy. Biomarkers related to these histopathological features were identified, and signals potentially contributing to squamous cell metaplasia were elucidated. Conclusions: The swine ENS model is anticipated to be instrumental in unraveling the pathogenesis of ENS and may also be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of various treatments for ENS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 2995 KiB  
Article
PM2.5 Induces Pyroptosis via Activation of the ROS/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bronchial Epithelial Cells
by Ji-Young Kang, Hyunsu Choi, Jeong-Min Oh, Minsu Kim and Dong-Chang Lee
Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091434 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 945
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, is becoming a major threat to human health, particularly in terms of respiratory diseases. Pyroptosis is a recently discovered and distinct form of cell death, characterized by pore formation in the cell membrane [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, is becoming a major threat to human health, particularly in terms of respiratory diseases. Pyroptosis is a recently discovered and distinct form of cell death, characterized by pore formation in the cell membrane and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines. There has been little research on the effect of PM2.5 on pyroptosis, especially in airway epithelium. We investigated whether PM2.5-related oxidative stress induces pyroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells and defined the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: After exposure of a BEAS-2B cell line to PM2.5 concentration of 20 µg/mL, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, parameters related to pyroptosis, and NF-κB signaling were measured by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: PM2.5 induced pyroptotic cell death, accompanied by LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) release and increased uptake of propidium iodide in a dose-dependent manner. PM2.5 activated the NLRP3-casp1-gasdermin D pathway, with resulting secretions of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. The pyroptosis activated by PM2.5 was alleviated significantly by NLRP3 inhibitor. In PM2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells, levels of intracellular ROS and NF-κB p65 increased. ROS scavenger inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the NF-κB inhibitor attenuated pyroptotic cell death triggered by PM2.5 exposure, indicating that the ROS/NF-κB pathway is involved in PM2.5-induced pyroptosis. Conclusions: These findings show that PM2.5 exposure can cause cell injury by NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by upregulating the ROS/NF-κB pathway in airway epithelium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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Review

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12 pages, 573 KiB  
Review
The Potential Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
by Antonella Loperfido, Davide Rizzo, Bruno Fionda, Luca Mureddu, Andrea Tondo, Luca Tagliaferri, Gianluca Bellocchi, Giovanni Delogu and Francesco Bussu
Medicina 2024, 60(11), 1808; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60111808 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 943
Abstract
Cancers of the nose, and especially the nose vestibule, represent a significant challenge for clinicians due to their rarity, the intricate nature of surrounding vital structures, the nonspecific early symptoms, and the etiological factors that are not completely understood. Emerging research suggests that [...] Read more.
Cancers of the nose, and especially the nose vestibule, represent a significant challenge for clinicians due to their rarity, the intricate nature of surrounding vital structures, the nonspecific early symptoms, and the etiological factors that are not completely understood. Emerging research suggests that alterations in the nasal microbiome, also known as microbial dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of those malignancies through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, immune modulation, and cellular changes. The aims of this paper are to review the current literature covering the nasal microbiome’s role in carcinogenesis, particularly in the context of squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore how microbial dysbiosis might foster a pro-tumorigenic environment. It further discusses potential future directions for research and therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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Other

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11 pages, 2351 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effect of the BiZact™ Low-Temperature Dissecting Device on Intra- and Postoperative Morbidities Related to Tonsillectomy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yun Jin Kang, Gulnaz Stybayeva and Se Hwan Hwang
Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091415 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1031
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We investigated the effects of using a BiZact™ device for tonsillectomy on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate, and pain through a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: We reviewed studies retrieved from the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: We investigated the effects of using a BiZact™ device for tonsillectomy on operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding rate, and pain through a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: We reviewed studies retrieved from the databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane up to March 2024. The results were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. Six studies that compared the outcomes of patients receiving perioperative BiZact™ tonsillectomy with those in control groups (cold steel dissection or bipolar tonsillectomy) were included for this analysis of the outcomes, which included intraoperative bleeding and time, postoperative pain, and frequency of postoperative bleeding. Results: The operative time (SMD −11.5985, 95%CI [−20.3326; −2.8644], I2 = 99.5%) in the treatment group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. However, BiZact™ showed no significant efficacy in reducing intraoperative bleeding when compared with the control group (SMD −0.0480, 95%CI [−1.8200; 1.7240], I2 = 98.6%). Postoperative pain on day 1 (SMD −0.0885, 95%CI [−0.4368; 0.2598], I2 = 98.9%), day 3 (SMD −0.2118, 95%CI [−0.6110; 0.1873], I2 = 99.5%), and later than day 7 (SMD 0.0924, 95%CI [−0.2491; 0.4338], I2 = 98.6%) in the treatment group was not significantly reduced relative to the control group. When compared to the control group, BiZact™ did not reduce the incidence of secondary postoperative bleeding control in the operation room (OR 0.5711, 95%CI [0.2476; 1.3173], I2 = 32.1%), primary bleeding (OR 0.4514, 95%CI [0.0568; 3.5894], I2 = 0.0%), or all postoperative bleeding events (OR 0.8117, 95%CI [0.5796; 1.1368], I2 = 26.3%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using the BiZact™ device for tonsillectomy significantly decreased the operative time but could not effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding or postoperative pain and bleeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition))
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