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Effect of Functional Food on Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Profile

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A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 12260

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hiroko Maruki-Uchida

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Guest Editor

Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd, 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan
Interests: polyphenol; functional food

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the acceleration of the aging society, there is a growing interest in health, especially in the functions of foods beyond nutrition. Muscles are also important organs for supporting health, and their wide range of effects on the whole body through the secretion of myokines and other factors is attracting attention.

The purpose of this Special Issue of Metabolites is to provide the latest information on the possible role of functional foods in health by collecting papers on the effects of food ingredients on skeletal muscle and metabolism from cell experiments to animal and human studies. Food ingredients include, but are not limited to, proteins including amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and plant-derived ingredients.

Dr. Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

functional food
amino acids and their metabolites
lipids such as unsaturated fatty acids
functional carbohydrates
vitamins
polyphenols
skeletal muscle
myokine
metabolic profile
energy metabolism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

mTORC1 Mediates the Processes of Lysine Regulating Satellite Cells Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy

by Mengqi Liu, Zhengkai Yue, Bin Zhang, Fan Li, Lei Liu and Fuchang Li

Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090788 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1988

Abstract

Lysine (Lys) is essential for skeletal muscle growth and protein synthesis in mammals. However, the regulatory network underlying Lys-regulated skeletal muscle development is unknown. To determine whether any cross-talk occurs among mammalian targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Lys in the regulation of muscle satellite cells (SCs) proliferation, we applied the treatment rapamycin (a mTORC1 inhibitor) and MHY1485 (a mTORC1 activator) on Lys-added or -deficient SCs. The results show Lys deprivation significantly decreases SCs viability, protein synthesis, and cell cycling, increases autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Restoration of Lys content significantly attenuates this effect. mTORC1 signaling pathway activation during Lys deprivation or mTORC1 signaling pathway inhibition during Lys addition attenuates the effect of Lys deprivation or addition on SCs viability, protein synthesis, cell cycling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In conclusion, Lys could improve SCs proliferation, and inhibit SCs apoptosis and autophagy, via the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Functional Food on Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Profile)

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9 pages, 1245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Sucrose on Amino Acid Absorption of Whey: A Randomized Crossover Trial

by Mai Wajiki, Takayuki Yamamoto, Hiroko Maruki-Uchida, Hirotaka Nagashima, Tetsu Shimizu and Minoru Morita

Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040282 - 23 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1512

Abstract

Protein intake has been reported to secrete insulin and lower glucose levels, but the effect of carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion on amino acid absorption has not been well documented. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sucrose on blood amino acid levels. Eleven volunteers (both sexes aged 20–60 years with body mass index 21.4 ± 2.4 kg/m²) randomly received one of four test solutions: water (P-group), 10 g sucrose (S-group), 10 g whey protein (W-group), or 10 g whey protein + 10 g sucrose (W-S-group), and blood amino acid concentration, glucose levels, and insulin levels were monitored over 180 min. Following the wash-out period, randomized treatment and blood parameter monitoring were repeated. Consequently, amino acid concentration was significantly lower in the S-group than in the P-group, showing that single ingestion of sucrose decreased blood amino acid levels in a fasted state. However, there was no significant difference between blood amino acid levels of the W- and W-S-groups, suggesting that co-ingestion of sucrose does not affect blood amino acid concentration. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the W-S than in the S-group, and glucose levels were significantly lower in the W-S- than in the S-group, suggesting positive impact on glycotoxicity by reducing blood glucose levels. Therefore, whey protein co-ingestion with sucrose suppresses glucose levels and increases insulin levels as opposed to the sucrose ingestion, but does not affect amino acid absorption of whey protein, indicating that this co-ingestion may not be a problem for protein supplementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Functional Food on Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Profile)

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Review

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24 pages, 1404 KiB

Open AccessReview

Functional Nutrients to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy

by Viviana Moresi, Alessandra Renzini, Giorgia Cavioli, Marilia Seelaender, Dario Coletti, Giuseppe Gigli and Alessia Cedola

Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111149 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3865

Abstract

Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Current therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy. We herein summarize the molecular pathways triggered by denervation of the skeletal muscle that could be affected by functional nutrients. In this narrative review, we examine and discuss studies pertaining to the use of functional ingredients to counteract neurogenic muscle atrophy, focusing on their preventive or curative means of action within the skeletal muscle. We reviewed experimental models of denervation in rodents and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as that caused by aging, considering the knowledge generated with use of animal experimental models and, also, from human studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Functional Food on Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Profile)

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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Effects of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceutical Agents, and Physical Exercise on Myostatin Levels: Hope or Hype?

by Heitor O. Santos, Henrique S. Cerqueira and Grant M. Tinsley

Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111146 - 20 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4178

Abstract

Myostatin, a secreted growth factor belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, performs a role in hindering muscle growth by inhibiting protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and the associated activation of hypertrophy pathways (e.g., IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway). In addition to pharmacological agents, some supplements and nutraceutical agents have demonstrated modulatory effects on myostatin levels; however, the clinical magnitude must be appraised with skepticism before translating the mechanistic effects into muscle hypertrophy outcomes. Here, we review the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin levels, addressing the promise and pitfalls of relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to draw clinical conclusions. RCTs involving both clinical and sports populations were considered, along with wasting muscle disorders (e.g., sarcopenia) and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of disease status. Animal models were considered only to expand the mechanisms of action, and observational data were consulted to elucidate potential cutoff values. Collectively, the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and serum myostatin levels are not uniform, and there may be reductions, increases, or neutral effects. Large amounts of research using resistance protocols shows that supplements or functional foods do not clearly outperform placebo for modulating myostatin levels. Thus, despite some biological hope in using supplements or certain functional foods to decrease myostatin levels, caution must be exercised not to propagate the hope of the food supplement market, select health professionals, and laypeople. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Functional Food on Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Profile)

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