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Micromachines
Special Issues
Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels
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Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 10363

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yonghai Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: phase change heat transfer enhancement; ultrasonic enhancement; microchannel heat sink
Dr. Zhiqiang Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2. School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Interests: fluid interface phenomenon and interface flow; thermal capillary convection and Marangoni convection; evaporation and condensation; orbit fluid management; microgravity experimental technology
Dr. Xiaoping Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: single-phase and phase-change heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sinks; loop heat pipe

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of industry and information technology, the demand for compact and highly effective electric devices has increased. With these new challenges, the use of single-phase convection heat transfer is unlikely to meet these requirements. Heat flux increases rapidly, which requires a high-efficiency cooling method to ensure the safe operation of these devices. In recent years, heat and mass transfer in microchannels has been considered as an effective way to solve these thermal management problems. Due to their compact structures, large specific surface areas and good performances in terms of heat transfer, more and more researchers are starting to pay attention to microchannel heat sinks. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on new developments in heat and mass transfer enhancement in microchannels. Research on various active and passive heat transfer technologies is encouraged for this Special Issue, such as (1) phase change heat transfer, (2) single-phase convection heat transfer, (3) microchannel fabrication and manufacturing technologies, (4) new working fluid, and (5) external force fields.

We look forward to receiving your submissions!

Dr. Yonghai Zhang
Dr. Zhiqiang Zhu
Dr. Xiaoping Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microchannel heat sink
  • microchannel fabrication and manufacturing
  • boiling
  • condensation
  • evaporation
  • forced convection heat transfer
  • ultrasonic enhancement
  • magnetic field enhancement
  • nano fluid
  • multicomponent mixed-fluids

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6854 KiB  
Article
Experimental Research on a New Mini-Channel Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump Gas Cooler
by Jiawei Jiang, Shiqiang Liang, Xiang Xu, Buze Chen, Zhixuan Shen, Chaohong Guo, Liqi Yu and Shuo Qin
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14051094 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1533
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a novel spiral plate mini-channel gas cooler designed for use with supercritical CO2. The CO2 channel of the mini-channel spiral plate gas [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a novel spiral plate mini-channel gas cooler designed for use with supercritical CO2. The CO2 channel of the mini-channel spiral plate gas cooler has a circular spiral cross-section with a radius of 1 mm, while the water channel has an elliptical cross-section spiral channel with a long axis of 2.5 mm and a short axis of 1.3 mm. The results show that increasing the mass flux of CO2 can effectively enhance the overall heat transfer coefficient when the water side mass flow rate is 0.175 kg·s−1 and the CO2 side pressure is 7.9 MPa. Increasing the inlet water temperature can also improve the overall heat transfer coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient is higher when the gas cooler is vertically oriented compared to horizontally oriented. A Matlab program was developed to verify that the correlation based on Zhang’s method has the highest accuracy. The study found a suitable heat transfer correlation for the new spiral plate mini-channel gas cooler through experimental research, which can provide a reference for future designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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11 pages, 1828 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Different Parameters on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
by Jun Qin, Yuequn Tao, Qiusheng Liu, Zilong Li, Zhiqiang Zhu and Naifeng He
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050964 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1281
Abstract
This work experimentally investigated the effects of different factors, including nanoparticle size and type, volume fraction, and base fluid, on the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. The experimental results indicate that the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids is proportional to the thermal conductivity [...] Read more.
This work experimentally investigated the effects of different factors, including nanoparticle size and type, volume fraction, and base fluid, on the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. The experimental results indicate that the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids is proportional to the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles, with the enhancement being more pronounced for fluids with lower thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids decreases with increasing particle size and increases with increasing volume fraction. In addition, elongated particles are superior to spherical ones for thermal conductivity enhancement. This paper also proposes a thermal conductivity model by introducing the effect of nanoparticle size based on the previous classical thermal conductivity model via the method of dimensional analysis. This model analyzes the magnitude of influencing factors on the thermal conductivity of nanofluid and proposes suggestions for an improvement in thermal conductivity enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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17 pages, 8002 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Characteristics of Convection and Temperature Evolution in Microchannel of Thermal Flowmeter
by Hang Che, Qingxuan Xu, Guofeng Xu, Xinju Fu, Xudong Wang, Naifeng He and Zhiqiang Zhu
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050935 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1133
Abstract
During practical usage, thermal flowmeters have a limited range of applications. The present work investigates the factors influencing thermal flowmeter measurements and observes the effects of buoyancy convection and forced convection on the flow rate measurement sensitivity. The results show that the gravity [...] Read more.
During practical usage, thermal flowmeters have a limited range of applications. The present work investigates the factors influencing thermal flowmeter measurements and observes the effects of buoyancy convection and forced convection on the flow rate measurement sensitivity. The results show that the gravity level, inclination angle, channel height, mass flow rate, and heating power affect the flow rate measurements by influencing the flow pattern and the temperature distribution. Gravity determines the generation of convective cells, while the inclination angle affects the location of the convective cells. Channel height affects the flow pattern and temperature distribution. Higher sensitivity can be achieved with smaller mass flow rates or higher heating power. According to the combined influence of the aforementioned parameters, the present work investigates the flow transition based on the Reynolds number and the Grashof number. When the Reynolds number is below the critical value corresponding to the Grashof number, convective cells emerge and affect the accuracy of flowmeter measurements. The research on influencing factors and flow transition presented in this paper has potential implications for the design and manufacture of thermal flowmeters under different working conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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15 pages, 9215 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cathode Channel Parameters and Fan Duty Ratio on Low Power Forced-Convection Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack
by Jiaxu Zhou, Huichao Deng, Rui Xue and Yufeng Zhang
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020286 - 22 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1819
Abstract
The open-cathode forced-convection proton exchange membrane fuel cell has emerged as a viable option for portable energy sources. The forced-convection open-cathode mode, however, makes the cell’s performance sensitive to changes in the cathode channel and fan parameters. In this study, small fuel cell [...] Read more.
The open-cathode forced-convection proton exchange membrane fuel cell has emerged as a viable option for portable energy sources. The forced-convection open-cathode mode, however, makes the cell’s performance sensitive to changes in the cathode channel and fan parameters. In this study, small fuel cell stacks with varying cathode channel depths, widths, and width–rib ratios were assembled, and the effects of different cathode channel parameters and fan duty ratios on cell performance were investigated. The experimental results show that changing the cathode channel parameters has a significant impact on oxidant supply. When the channel width is increased, the cell performance increases first, then decreases. The cell performance decreases as the channel width–rib ratio increases. The performance of the cell improves as the cathode channel depth increases. Furthermore, the experimental results show that decreasing the duty ratio of the fan and using moderate heating improves cell performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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19 pages, 42855 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Performance of Gel Foam Layer with Nanoparticles Doping under a Radiative Heat Flux
by Rifeng Zhou, Pengyu Cui, Qingli Cheng, Xuqing Lang, Yong Zhang, Qie Sun and Mu Du
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122223 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1257
Abstract
The risk of fire in the chemical industry’s production process is fatal. Gel foam has been widely employed in petroleum storage tanks, oil pools, and other petrochemical equipment for fire extinguishing and thermal protection. Recently, nanoparticles have been doped into gel foam to [...] Read more.
The risk of fire in the chemical industry’s production process is fatal. Gel foam has been widely employed in petroleum storage tanks, oil pools, and other petrochemical equipment for fire extinguishing and thermal protection. Recently, nanoparticles have been doped into gel foam to enhance thermal stability and insulation. However, heat transfer behaviors of the gel foam layer containing nanoparticles are still missing. In this study, a numerical heat transfer model of a gel foam layer containing silica nanoparticles under a radiative heat flux was established. Through simulation, the changes in foam thickness and temperature distribution were analyzed. The effects of the maximum heating temperature, initial gas content, nanoparticle size, and concentration on the thermal insulation behavior of the gel foam layer were systematically studied. The results showed that the thermal stability and insulation performance of the three-phase gel foam layer decreased with the increase in the initial gas content and particle size. Increasing the nanoparticle concentration could enhance the foam’s thermal stability and insulation performance. The results provide guidance for a designing gel foam with high thermal protection performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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20 pages, 7582 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Investigation on Hydrothermal Performance of Micro Channel Heat Sink with Periodic Spatial Modification on Sidewalls
by Nikita Kumari, Tabish Alam, Masood Ashraf Ali, Anil Singh Yadav, Naveen Kumar Gupta, Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui, Dan Dobrotă, Ionela Magdalena Rotaru and Abhishek Sharma
Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1986; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111986 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
Electronic gadgets have been designed to incorporating very small components such as microcontrollers, electronic chips, transistors, microprocessors, etc. These components are exceptionally heat sensitive and can be wrecked if heat is not released. As a result, the thermal control of such components is [...] Read more.
Electronic gadgets have been designed to incorporating very small components such as microcontrollers, electronic chips, transistors, microprocessors, etc. These components are exceptionally heat sensitive and can be wrecked if heat is not released. As a result, the thermal control of such components is critical to their optimum performance and extended life. The use of a microchannel heat sink (MCHS) has shown promising solutions to remove the excess heat. In this paper, we have proposed a novel design of MCHS and investigated it numerically. Four different surface modifications on the sidewall of the passage, namely, extended triangular surface (ETS), extended circular surface (ECS), triangular groove surface (TGS), and the circular groove surface (CGS) in the passage of the microchannel have been exploited in the Reynolds number of 100–900. In the presence of geometrical modification, the cooling capacities have been enhanced. The results show that the Nusselt numbers of ETS-MCHS, ECS-MCHS, TGS-MCHS, and CGS-MCHS are increased by 4.30, 3.61, 1.62, and 1.41 times in comparison to the Nusselt number of MCHS with smooth passage, while the friction factor values are increased by 7.33, 6.03, 2.74, and 1.68 times, respectively. In addition, the thermohydraulic performance parameter (THPP) has been evaluated and discussed. The fact that MCHS have THPP values greater than unity demonstrates that the passage’s geometries are a practical means of achieving effective thermal management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels)
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