Bacterial Infections in Clinical Settings

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2025 | Viewed by 678

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
Interests: antibiotic resistance; bacterial pathogens; infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial infections remain a significant challenge in clinical settings, posing threats to patient health, increasing healthcare costs, and contributing to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. This Special Issue aims to cover a comprehensive range of topics related to bacterial infections in clinical environments, from pathogenesis and diagnosis to treatment and prevention strategies.

The topics covered could include the following:

  1. Epidemiology of Bacterial Infections
    • Prevalence and incidence of bacterial infections in hospitals and clinics;
    • Surveillance methods and reporting systems;
    • Risk factors and vulnerable populations.
  2. Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of Infection
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis;
    • Host–pathogen interactions;
    • Biofilm formation and its clinical implications.
  3. Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections
    • Advances in diagnostic techniques (e.g., PCR, MALDI-TOF, next-generation sequencing);
    • Rapid diagnostic tests and point-of-care testing;
    • Challenges in diagnosing polymicrobial infections.
  4. Antibiotic Resistance
    • Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance;
    • Global trends and patterns in resistance;
    • Impact of antibiotic stewardship programs.
  5. Treatment Strategies
    • Novel antibiotics and alternative therapies;
    • Combination therapies;
    • Personalized medicine approaches for bacterial infections.
  6. Infection Control and Prevention
    • Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and their prevention;
    • Role of hand hygiene, sterilization, and disinfection;
    • Vaccination and prophylactic measures.
  7. Clinical Case Studies
    • Case reports and series highlighting unique or challenging bacterial infections;
    • Lessons learned and clinical implications.
  8. Public Health and Policy
    • Policies for controlling and preventing bacterial infections in healthcare settings;
    • The role of public health initiatives;
    • Economic impact of bacterial infections and cost-effective interventions.

Authors should submit original research articles, review articles, case reports, and short communications that address any aspect of bacterial infections in clinical settings. Contributions should be based on sound scientific methodologies and should provide a new perspective on the given topic.

The authors’ contributions to this Special Issue will contribute to improving our understanding and management of bacterial infections in clinical settings.

Dr. Viera Lovayová
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bacterial pathogens
  • antibiotic resistance
  • nosocomial infections
  • sepsis
  • bacteremia
  • clinical diagnosis
  • infection control
  • microbiological culture
  • antibiotic therapy
  • pathogen identification
  • biofilms
  • gram-positive bacteria
  • gram-negative bacteria
  • Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI)
  • Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)
  • empirical therapy
  • clinical microbiology
  • prophylactic antibiotics
  • infectious disease epidemiology
  • antimicrobial stewardship

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1496 KiB  
Article
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Obtained from Clinical Samples at a University Hospital Center in Algeria
by Riyane Rihane, Abla Hecini-Hannachi, Chafia Bentchouala, Kaddour Benlabed and Seydina M. Diene
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101942 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance among the clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospitalized patients admitted to a university hospital in Eastern Algeria. In total, 124 non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from [...] Read more.
The current study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance among the clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospitalized patients admitted to a university hospital in Eastern Algeria. In total, 124 non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from September 2018 to April 2019. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. The presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, carbapenemase genes, chromosomal mutation and mcr genes in colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae were evaluated by PCR. ESBLs represented a rate of 49.1% and harbored blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Concerning carbapenems, 12 strains (9.6%) were resistant to ertapenem (MIC: 1–32 μg/mL), of which one strain (0.8%) was also resistant to imipenem (MIC: 32 μg/mL). Among these strains, nine (75%) harbored blaOXA-48 gene. Seven strains (5.6%) expressed resistance to colistin (MIC: 2–32 μg/mL), of which two harbored mcr-8 and mgrB genes simultaneously. The existence of a double resistance to colistin in the same strain is new in Algeria, and this could raise concerns about the increase in levels of resistance to this antibiotic (MIC: 32 μg/mL). The mgrB gene alone was observed in five isolates (71.4%), including two strains harboring blaOXA-48. This is the first report revealing the presence of K. pneumoniae strains carrying the blaOXA-48 gene as well as a mutation in the mgrB gene. Large-scale surveillance and effective infection control measures are also urgently needed to prevent the outbreak of various carbapenem- and colistin-resistant isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Infections in Clinical Settings)
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