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Microorganisms
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Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management...
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Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 27001

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; adhesive dentistry; dental materials; CAD/CAM; intraoral scanner; computerized cast; shear; bond strength; bracket; fiber-reinforced composite; miniscrew; microbiome; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrea Butera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: dental materials; dental caries; oral diseases; teeth whitening; periodontology; laser dentistry; ozone dentistry; dental education; clinical orthodontics; dental hygiene; oral health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mario Alovisi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, Endodontics, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: endodontics; oral diseases; dental materials; regenerative dentistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, modern dentistry has focused on personalized and minimally invasive management of clinical and professional treatments, with the aim of maintaining tissue biology, minimizing relapses and providing natural aids by reducing the chemical pharmacological action along term, and sometimes focus on proactive action.

Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue is to focus on all minimally invasive protocols to reduce the incidence of acute and chronic inflammation, through the use of natural substances, such as probiotics, paraprobiotics, postbiotics, ozone therapy, laser therapy, the use of micro abrasive powders and minimally invasive instrumentation for the clinical and microbiological management of dental and periodontal tissues.

Clinical studies, in vitro investigations, reviews, case reports will be welcome, highlighting the proactive action for maintaining a constant ebiosis over time, reducing the pathogenic bacterial load.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante
Prof. Dr. Andrea Butera
Prof. Dr. Mario Alovisi
Guest Editors

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • microbiota
  • non surgical periodontal therapy
  • orthodontic
  • endodontic
  • peri-implant mucositis
  • peri-implatitis
  • minimally invasive instrumentation
  • prosthetic maintenance
  • oral medicine
  • enamel surface treatment
  • antibacterial activity

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

2 pages, 162 KiB  
Editorial
Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota
by Andrea Scribante, Andrea Butera and Mario Alovisi
Microorganisms 2022, 10(4), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040675 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
In recent years, the personalization of periodontal clinical practice has led to the study of protocols with a proactive approach [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)

Research

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22 pages, 3873 KiB  
Article
A 7-Week Summer Camp in Antarctica Induces Fluctuations on Human Oral Microbiome, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Hormones Profile
by Michele M. Moraes, Thiago T. Mendes, Leandro Borges, Alice L. Marques, Cristian Núñez-Espinosa, Dawit A. P. Gonçalves, Carolina B. Simões, Tales S. Vieira, Roberto V. P. Ladeira, Talita G. B. Lourenço, Danielle V. Ribeiro, Elaine Hatanaka, Debora Heller and Rosa M. E. Arantes
Microorganisms 2023, 11(2), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020339 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Antarctic camps pose psychophysiological challenges related to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions, including meals composed of sealed food. ICE conditions can influence the microbiome and inflammatory responses. Seven expeditioners took part in a 7-week Antarctic summer camp (Nelson Island) and were evaluated [...] Read more.
Antarctic camps pose psychophysiological challenges related to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions, including meals composed of sealed food. ICE conditions can influence the microbiome and inflammatory responses. Seven expeditioners took part in a 7-week Antarctic summer camp (Nelson Island) and were evaluated at Pre-Camp (i.e., at the beginning of the ship travel), Camp-Initial (i.e., 4th and 5th day in camp), Camp-Middle (i.e., 19th–20th, and 33rd–34th days), Camp-Final (i.e., 45th–46th day), and at the Post-Camp (on the ship). At the Pre-Camp, Camp-Initial, and Camp-Final, we assessed microbiome and inflammatory markers. Catecholamines were accessed Pre- and Post-Camp. Heart rate variability (HRV), leptin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) were accessed at all time points. Students’ t-tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance (one or two-way ANOVA) followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (post hoc) were used for parametric analysis. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for non-parametric analysis. Microbiome analysis showed a predominance of Pseudomonadota (34.01%), Bacillota (29.82%), and Bacteroidota (18.54%), followed by Actinomycetota (5.85%), and Fusobacteria (5.74%). Staying in a long-term Antarctic camp resulted in microbiome fluctuations with a reduction in Pseudomonadota—a “microbial signature” of disease. However, the pro-inflammatory marker leptin and IL-8 tended to increase, and the angiogenic factor VEGF was reduced during camp. These results suggest that distinct Antarctic natural environments and behavioral factors modulate oral microbiome and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)
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21 pages, 5233 KiB  
Article
Probiotic Potential Lacticaseibacillus casei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains Isolated from Dosa Batter Inhibit α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzymes
by Chandana Kumari V. B., Sujay S. Huligere, Abdullah M. Shbeer, Mohammed Ageel, Jayanthi M. K., Jagadeep Chandra S. and Ramith Ramu
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061195 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4261
Abstract
Fermented food plays a major role in gastrointestinal health, as well as possesses other health benefits, such as beneficiary effects in the management of diabetes. Probiotics are thought to be viable sources for enhancing the microbiome of the human gut. In the present [...] Read more.
Fermented food plays a major role in gastrointestinal health, as well as possesses other health benefits, such as beneficiary effects in the management of diabetes. Probiotics are thought to be viable sources for enhancing the microbiome of the human gut. In the present study, using biochemical, physiological, and molecular approaches, the isolated Lactobacillus spp. from dosa batter were identified. The cell-free supernatant (CS), cell-free extract (CE), and intact cells (IC) were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Then, 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing were used to identify the species. A homology search in NCBI database was performed that suggests the isolates are >95% similar to Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus casei. Different standard parameters were used to evaluate the probiotic potential of strains RAMULAB07, RAMULAB08, RAMULAB09, RAMULAB10, RAMULAB11, and RAMULAB12. The strains expressed a significant tolerance to the gastric and intestinal juices with a higher survival rate (>98%). A high adhesion capability was observed by the isolates exhibited through hydrophobicity (>65%), aggregation assays (>75%), and adherence assay on HT-29 cells (>82%) and buccal epithelial cells. In addition, the isolates expressed antibacterial and antibiotic properties. Safety assessments (DNase and hemolytic assay) revealed that the isolates could be classified as safe. α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition of the isolates for CS, CE, and IC ranged from 7.50% to 65.01% and 20.21% to 56.91%, respectively. The results suggest that these species have exceptional antidiabetic potential, which may be explained by their use as foods that can have health-enhancing effects beyond basic nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)
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16 pages, 2190 KiB  
Article
Paraprobiotics in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: Clinical and Microbiological Aspects in a 6-Month Follow-Up Domiciliary Protocol for Oral Hygiene
by Andrea Butera, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Carolina Maiorani, Antonella Milone, Mario Alovisi and Andrea Scribante
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020337 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 73 | Viewed by 6203
Abstract
Periodontal disease represents a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Recently, paraprobiotics are regarded as an adjunctive therapy to the non-surgical Scaling-and-Root-Planing (SRP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two new formulations of paraprobiotics, a toothpaste and a mouthwash, [...] Read more.
Periodontal disease represents a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Recently, paraprobiotics are regarded as an adjunctive therapy to the non-surgical Scaling-and-Root-Planing (SRP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two new formulations of paraprobiotics, a toothpaste and a mouthwash, respectively, for the domiciliary hygiene. A total of 40 patients were randomly assigned to the following domiciliary treatments: Group 1 (SRP + Curasept Intensive Treatment 0.2% chlorhexidine) (control) and Group 2 (SRP + Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste + Biorepair Peribioma Mousse mouthwash) (trial). At baseline (T0) and after 3 and 6 months (T1–T2), periodontal clinical (Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Loss, Bleeding Score, Sulcus Bleeding Index, Plaque Index, Approximal Plaque Index, Adherent Gingiva, Gingival Recession, and Pathological Sites) and microbiological parameters (Pathological Bacteria, Saprophytic Bacteria, Enlarged Red Complex, Red Complex, Orange Complex, and counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensys, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum). The use of the experimental products resulted in a significant reduction of most of the clinical indices assessed, which occurred at a major degree with respect to the conventional chlorhexidine considered as control. Additionally, after 6 months of use, the abovementioned products significantly decreased the percentage of pathological bacteria and the counts of those bacteria constituting the “Red Complex”, more related to the periodontal disease. Accordingly, the paraprobiotics-based products tested in this study seem to represent a valid support to SRP with a benefit on both clinical indices and on specific periodontopathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)
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Review

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27 pages, 491 KiB  
Review
Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection
by William A. Chen, Yuetan Dou, Hansel M. Fletcher and Danilo S. Boskovic
Microorganisms 2023, 11(2), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020470 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5215
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to [...] Read more.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, P. gingivalis can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. P. gingivalis expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)

Other

7 pages, 544 KiB  
Protocol
Effectiveness and Efficacy of Thermoformed and 3D Printed Aligners in Correcting Malocclusion (Spacing) and Its Impact on Periodontal Oral Health and Oral Microbiome: A Double-Blinded Parallel Randomized Controlled Multicenter Clinical Trial
by Shahnawaz Khijmatgar, Margherita Tumedei, Massimo Del Fabbro and Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071452 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Aligners are the common devices used in orthodontics for the correction of malocclusion. Various materials and techniques are employed to fabricate aligners. One of those includes thermoformed and 3D aligners. These aligners can be worn for several days, and their impact on periodontal [...] Read more.
Aligners are the common devices used in orthodontics for the correction of malocclusion. Various materials and techniques are employed to fabricate aligners. One of those includes thermoformed and 3D aligners. These aligners can be worn for several days, and their impact on periodontal health is not known. Therefore, the aim of our protocol is to determine the effectiveness of these aligners in correcting malocclusion and their impact on periodontal health and oral microbiome. A double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial with a total of n = 60 patients will be included with n = 30 in each group (Test: 3D printed aligners and Control: Thermoformed). The evaluation of oral health indices such as basic periodontal examination (BPE), periodontal screening and recording (PSR) that provide the status of periodontal health will be recorded. The oral microbiome assessment will be conducted with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primary endpoint will be the correction of malocclusion, and the secondary end point will be the status of periodontal health and oral microbiome. The duration of follow-up for each group will be 7 days for periodontal health and oral microbiome and 6 months for the space closure of 5 mm by 3D and thermoformed aligners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)
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9 pages, 2618 KiB  
Case Report
Host Microbiota Balance in Teenagers with Gum Hypertrophy Concomitant with Acne Vulgaris: Role of Oral Hygiene Associated with Topical Probiotics
by Giovanna Mosaico, Giulia Artuso, Mara Pinna, Gloria Denotti, Germano Orrù and Cinzia Casu
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071344 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2888
Abstract
Gum hypertrophy is a very frequent condition linked to orthodontic treatment, especially in teenagers, and the same time, about 80% of young adults are affected by acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, typically treated with antibacterial therapy. The use of probiotics has [...] Read more.
Gum hypertrophy is a very frequent condition linked to orthodontic treatment, especially in teenagers, and the same time, about 80% of young adults are affected by acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, typically treated with antibacterial therapy. The use of probiotics has gained popularity in the medical field, and many studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, such as the positive effects of some bacterial strains belonging to Lactobacillus species. The aim of this study is to document the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on facial skin that was randomly observed in two orthodontic patients. We present two case reports of a 14-year-old female patient and a 15-year-old male patient suffering from acne vulgaris who, during fixed orthodontic treatment, showed clinical signs of gingivitis with high values of Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). The patients were treated first with professional oral hygiene sessions and Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) procedures, and then with the administration of a formulate containing L. reuteri as a probiotic. The follow-up was made at four weeks. During the follow-up analysis, both patients showed a significant clinical remission for gum hypertrophy and skin acne vulgaris. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Minimally Invasive Protocols for the Clinical and Microbiological Management of the Oral Microbiota)
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