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Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications
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Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 4299

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Owen Curnow

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
Interests: ionic liquids; polyhalides; organometallic chemistry; chloride hydrates

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ionic liquids (ILs), due to their distinctive properties, have attracted the interest of researchers for over 30 years. Ionic liquids have gone from being a curiosity to being one of the most fruitful fields of science.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research articles on the current state and future trends in the field of ionic liquids, ensuring coverage of both the scientific fundaments and industrial applications. Review articles by experts in the field are also welcomed if they contribute to defining the direction in which research and new applications will evolve.

Dr. Owen Curnow
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ionic liquids
  • deep eutectic solvents
  • applications

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1966 KiB  
Article
Multi-Component Syntheses of Spiro[furan-2,3′-indoline]-3-carboxylate Derivatives Using Ionic Liquid Catalysts
by Mehdi Khalaj, Maryam Zarandi, Malihe Samadi Kazemi, Seyed Mahmoud Musavi, Johannes Hohnsen and Axel Klein
Molecules 2024, 29(6), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061223 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 633
Abstract
Two previously described Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, 3,3′-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(1-methyl)-1H-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Cat1) and 1,1′-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(pyridinium) hydrogen sulfate (Cat2), were used as catalysts for the preparation of spiro[furan-2,3′-indoline]-3-carboxylate derivatives via a three-component reaction of anilines, isatins (N-alkyl-indoline-2,3-diones), and [...] Read more.
Two previously described Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, 3,3′-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(1-methyl)-1H-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Cat1) and 1,1′-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(pyridinium) hydrogen sulfate (Cat2), were used as catalysts for the preparation of spiro[furan-2,3′-indoline]-3-carboxylate derivatives via a three-component reaction of anilines, isatins (N-alkyl-indoline-2,3-diones), and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, in high yields. The use of ultrasonic (US) irradiation led to the targeted products (1a–15a) in high yields ranging from 80% to 98%. Under the same conditions, the use of sulfuric acid and acetic acid as a Brønstedt catalyst did not yield the desired benchmark product 1a. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications)
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Scheme 1

21 pages, 3332 KiB  
Article
Extraction of Pyrrole from Its Mixture with n-Hexadecane Using Ionic Liquids and Their Binary Mixtures
by Sorfina Amran, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, Hanee F. Hizaddin, Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi, Ahmad Alhadid and Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali
Molecules 2023, 28(24), 8129; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248129 - 16 Dec 2023
Viewed by 900
Abstract
The conventional hydrodenitrogenation method is expensive and involves the use of catalysts and harsh procedures. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as a promising alternative solvent for fuel oil extractive denitrogenation. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model [...] Read more.
The conventional hydrodenitrogenation method is expensive and involves the use of catalysts and harsh procedures. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as a promising alternative solvent for fuel oil extractive denitrogenation. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen 173 potential ILs as solvents for fuel oil. Two ILs (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][N(CN)2]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([EMIM][MeSO3])) were selected for experimental investigation. The experimental liquid–liquid extraction of pyrrole (taken as the model nitrogen compound) from n-hexadecane (the model fuel) was conducted at 298 K and 1 atm with feed concentrations of pyrrole ranging from 10 to 50 wt%, using either the two pure ILs or their mixtures with dimethylformamide or ethylene glycol. Moreover, the NRTL model was effectively used to correlate the experimental tie lines. This work shows that the use of a binary mixture of ILs with a conventional solvent results in good selectivity, but has a low capacity for extracting pyrrole compounds. On the other hand, using an IL-IL mixture exhibits good results for both capacity and selectivity. All the ternary systems tested showed positive slopes, indicating that the nitrogen compounds had a higher affinity for the IL and binary mixture extract phase. In fact, the extraction efficiency for all the systems shows promising results. This characteristic is advantageous, as it requires less solvent to remove nitrogen compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1687 KiB  
Article
Lignin-Derivative Ionic Liquids as Corrosion Inhibitors
by Sharon Monaci, Daniela Minudri, Lorenzo Guazzelli, Andrea Mezzetta, David Mecerreyes, Maria Forsyth and Anthony Somers
Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5568; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145568 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945
Abstract
Corrosion is a significant problem that negatively affects a wide range of structures and buildings, resulting in their premature failure, which causes safety hazards and significant economic loss. For this reason, various approaches have been developed to prevent or minimize the effects of [...] Read more.
Corrosion is a significant problem that negatively affects a wide range of structures and buildings, resulting in their premature failure, which causes safety hazards and significant economic loss. For this reason, various approaches have been developed to prevent or minimize the effects of corrosion, including corrosion inhibitors. Recently, biobased inhibitors have gained a certain interest thanks to their unique properties, eco-friendliness, and availability. Among all the green precursors, lignin is of particular interest, being a natural polymer that can be obtained from different sources including agricultural residues. Corrosion inhibitors based on ionic liquids (ILs) also present interesting advantages, such as low volatility and high tunability. If combined, it may be possible to obtain new lignin-based ILs that present interesting corrosion inhibitor properties. In this work, the inhibition properties of new biobased lignin ILs and the influence of anions and cations on the corrosion of mild steel in an aqueous solution of 0.01 M NaCl were investigated by Potentiostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (PEIS) and Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP). Moreover, the surface was characterized using SEM, EDS, and optical profilometry. The IL choline syringate showed promising performance, reducing the corrosion current after 24 h immersion in 0.01 M sodium chloride, from 1.66 µA/cm2 for the control to 0.066 µA/cm2 with 10 mM of the IL present. In addition to its performance as a corrosion inhibitor, both components of this IL also meet or exceed the current additional desired properties of such compounds, being readily available, and well tolerated in organisms and the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications)
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Figure 1

17 pages, 5437 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Phenylalanine-Derived SAILs for Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
by Illia V. Kapitanov, Surya M. Sudheer, Toshikee Yadav, Kallol K. Ghosh, Nicholas Gathergood, Vijai K. Gupta and Yevgen Karpichev
Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4185; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104185 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1231
Abstract
The solubilization capacity of a series of sustainable phenylalanine-derived surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) was evaluated towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene. The key physico-chemical parameters of the studied systems (critical micelle concentration, spectral properties, solubilization parameters) were determined, analyzed and compared with [...] Read more.
The solubilization capacity of a series of sustainable phenylalanine-derived surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) was evaluated towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene. The key physico-chemical parameters of the studied systems (critical micelle concentration, spectral properties, solubilization parameters) were determined, analyzed and compared with conventional cationic surfactant, CTABr. For all studied PAH solubilization capacity increases with extension of alkyl chain length of PyPheOCn SAILs reaching the values comparable to CTABr for SAILs with n = 10–12. A remarkable advantage of the phenylalanine-derived SAILs PyPheOCn and PyPheNHCn is a possibility to cleave enzymatically ester and/or amide bonds under mild conditions, to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in situ. A series of immobilized enzymes was tested to determine the most suitable candidates for tunable decomposition of SAILs. The decomposition pathway could be adjusted depending on the choice of the enzyme system, reaction conditions, and selection of SAILs type. The evaluated systems can provide selective cleavage of the ester and amide bond and help to choose the optimal decomposition method of SAILs for enzymatic recycling of SAILs transformation products or as a pretreatment towards biological mineralization. The concept of a possible practical application of studied systems for PAHs solubilization/separation was also discussed focusing on sustainability and a green chemistry approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids and Their Applications)
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