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Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Application, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 1856

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: analytical chemistry; sample preparation; chromatography; HPLC; method validation; method development; separation science; food analysis; bioanalysis; environmental analysis; green analytical chemistry; sorptive extraction; microextraction techniques
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Guest Editor
Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: materials chemistry; materials characterization; nanomaterials; graphene oxide; activated carbon; wastewater treatment; separation; adsorption; catalytic oxidation; environmental applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following very successful first and second run, we are pleased to announce the launch of a third edition of a Special Issue on the synthesis and application of metal–organic frameworks, instigated by the still wide applicability of MOFs in analytical science as materials with exceptional properties and advantages. As such, we are inviting authors to present their experience with regard to MOFs’ use.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most promising novel materials. They belong to a new class of crystalline materials that consist of a coordination bond between metal clusters (e.g., metal–carboxylate clusters and metal–azolate clusters), metal atoms, or rod-shaped clusters and multidentate organic linkers that contain oxygen or nitrogen donors (carboxylates, azoles, nitriles, etc.), thus forming a three-dimensional structure.

The properties of both metal ions and linkers determine the physical properties of MOF networks (e.g., porosity, pore size, and pore surface). Additionally, the structural properties of the prepared frameworks can be controlled by the solvent system, pH, metal–ligand ratio, and temperature.

The concept of MOFs was first introduced in 1990. They were initially used in catalysis, gas separation, membranes, and electrochemical sensors. Later on, they were introduced as SPE (solid phase extraction) sorbents for PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in environmental water samples, then the range expanded to the field of analytical chemistry, both in chromatographic separation and sample preparation, with great success in, e.g., SPE and SPME (solid phase mico-extraction). Since then, the number of analytical applications implementing MOFs as sorbents in sorptive sample preparation approaches has been steadily increasing. Τhis is reinforced by the fact that, at least theoretically, an infinite number of structures can be designed and synthesized, thus making tuneability one of the most unique characteristics of MOF materials. Moreover, they have been designed in various shapes, such as columns, fibers, and films, so that they can meet more analytical challenges with improved analytical features.

Their exceptional properties have attracted the interest of analytical chemists who have taken advantage of their unique structures and properties and have already introduced them in several sample pretreatment techniques, such as solid phase extraction, dispersive SPE, magnetic solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, etc.

This Special Issue aims to present recent developmentts in the synthesis and applications of MOFs.

Prof. Dr. Victoria Samanidou
Prof. Dr. Eleni Deliyanni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • metal–organic framework
  • catalysis
  • sample preparation
  • sensors
  • gas extraction
  • sorptive extraction

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2056 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 as Sorbent Integrated with Active Capillary Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Assessment of Low-Level Wine and Grape Quality-Related Volatiles
by Morphy C. Dumlao, Liang Jiang, Saroj Kumar Bhattacharyya, William A. Donald, Christopher C. Steel and Leigh M. Schmidtke
Molecules 2024, 29(24), 6053; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29246053 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 339
Abstract
The most commonly used methods to chemically assess grape and wine quality with high sensitivity and selectivity require lengthy analysis time and can be resource intensive. Here, we developed a rapid and non-destructive method that would help in grading and decision support. In [...] Read more.
The most commonly used methods to chemically assess grape and wine quality with high sensitivity and selectivity require lengthy analysis time and can be resource intensive. Here, we developed a rapid and non-destructive method that would help in grading and decision support. In this work, we demonstrate that integrating a three-dimensional (3D) material for volatile sampling with mass spectrometry detection can be used to sample grapes for phytosanitary, quality or smoke-taint assessments at low levels of marker compounds. An efficient zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) material was synthesised in situ on nickel foam (NF), taking advantage of its ultrahigh surface area, structural diversity, and functionality as an emerging nanostructured material for preconcentrating low-level wine and grape quality-related volatiles. When used as a sorbent in thermal desorption tubes and coupled directly to active capillary mass spectrometry, the average signal across the selected analytes increased by ~50% as compared to Tenax TA, a commercially available polymer, in a measurement that takes less than two minutes. The first integration of 3D materials into mass spectrometry opens new possibilities for developing new material architecture with enhanced selectivity of next-generation multifunctional instrumentation for volatile analysis and product quality assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Application, 3rd Edition)
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9 pages, 3125 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensing for Nitrobenzene of CdII Complexes Based on Three Isomers and a Bis-Imidazole Ligand
by Xue Yang, Wanting Liu, Yixia Ren, Xiufang Hou and Jinfeng Li
Molecules 2024, 29(11), 2475; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112475 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 779
Abstract
Detection of nitro pollutants is an important topic in environmental protection. A total of 3 Cd (II) complexes (13) based on 3 soft organic isomers, n-(3,5-dicarboxylato benzyloxy) benzoic acid (n = 2, 3 or 4-H3DBB), and [...] Read more.
Detection of nitro pollutants is an important topic in environmental protection. A total of 3 Cd (II) complexes (13) based on 3 soft organic isomers, n-(3,5-dicarboxylato benzyloxy) benzoic acid (n = 2, 3 or 4-H3DBB), and a linear N-donor ligand, 3-bis(imidazole-l-ylmethyl) benzene (3-bibz), have been synthesized hydrothermally. Structural diversity of Complexes 13 displays the architectural 2D or 3D change: Complex 1 exhibits a 2D network featuring tri-nuclear metal units, Complex 2 is a 3D framework based on similar tri-nuclear metal units, and Complex 3 shows a 3D network with binuclear units. Fluorescent sensing properties exhibited in all these complexes have been discovered to detect nitrobenzene (NB) selectively and sensitively. In particular, Complex 3 possesses high sensitivity for NB with the lowest detection limit of 1.15 × 10−10 M. The results of the theoretical calculation verified the fluorescence detection mechanism of NB by these Cd-based complexes. Therefore, these Cd-based complexes might be used as excellent luminescent sensors for NB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Application, 3rd Edition)
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Review

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26 pages, 2866 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Enzyme Immobilization to Metal–Organic Frameworks to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Efficiency
by Yunhan Cao, Pengyan Yang, Rui Zhao and Fenghuan Wang
Molecules 2025, 30(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020251 - 10 Jan 2025
Viewed by 236
Abstract
Climate change and the energy crisis, driven by excessive CO2 emissions, have emerged as pressing global challenges. The conversion of CO2 into high-value chemicals not only mitigates atmospheric CO2 levels but also optimizes carbon resource utilization. Enzyme-catalyzed carbon technology offers [...] Read more.
Climate change and the energy crisis, driven by excessive CO2 emissions, have emerged as pressing global challenges. The conversion of CO2 into high-value chemicals not only mitigates atmospheric CO2 levels but also optimizes carbon resource utilization. Enzyme-catalyzed carbon technology offers a green and efficient approach to CO2 conversion. However, free enzymes are prone to inactivation and denaturation under reaction conditions, which limit their practical applications. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as effective carriers for enzyme immobilization, offering porous crystalline structures that enhance enzyme stability. Moreover, their high specific surface area facilitates strong gas adsorption, making enzyme@MOF composites particularly advantageous for CO2 catalytic conversion. In this paper, we review the synthesis technologies and the application of enzyme@MOFs in CO2 catalytic conversion. Furthermore, the strategies, including the enhancement of CO2 utilization, coenzyme regeneration efficiency, and substrate mass transfer efficiency, are also discussed to further improve the efficiency of enzyme@MOFs in CO2 conversion. The aim of this review is to present innovative ideas for future research and to highlight the potential applications of enzyme@MOFs in achieving efficient CO2 conversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Application, 3rd Edition)
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