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Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers
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Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 7868

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniel Q. Tan

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Guest Editor
Deputy Head of Materials Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
Interests: dielectric polymer; nanocomposite; electronic ceramic; capacitor; electrochemical supercapacitor
Prof. Dr. Michael Lanagan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Associate Director, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: dielectric polymer; energy density; pulsed power
Prof. Dr. Xingyi Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Electrical Materials and Insulation Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: dielectric polymer; nanocomposite; thermally conductive polymer composites; dielectric polymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing demand for microelectronics, power electronics, energy storage, extreme environmental systems, and military provides an excellent platform for dielectrics and electrical insulation materials. Dielectric polymers stand out particularly as incomparable materials for many applications owing to their high dielectric strength, high voltage endurance, low dielectric loss, low equivalent series resistance, and a gradual failure mechanism. More electric power and compact systems require higher voltage stress, thinner and flexible electrical insulation, and higher working temperatures, which pose stringent requirements for polymer properties, manufacturing, and their integration with other materials. Energy density primarily dominates the design rule of a dielectric material, for which the dielectric thickness, dielectric strength, dielectric constant, compositional tuning or engineering, service temperature, film scalability, and processability should be defined accordingly. For a capacitor application, dielectric loss is equally important to secure their operation at higher temperatures and frequencies. Despite many exciting advances in methodologies and material strategies, it remains necessary to investigate high energy and high temperature dielectrics, linear and nonlinear composites, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric innovation, dielectric breakdown and charge transport mechanism, multilayer film fabrication and characterization, computer modeling, device fabrication and reliability. We particularly encourage articles on the recent advances in these topics to be submitted for publication.

Prof. Dr. Daniel Q. Tan
Prof. Dr. Michael Lanagan
Prof. Dr. Xingyi Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dielectric polymer
  • nanocomposite
  • charge transport
  • capacitor
  • thin film
  • dielectric breakdown
  • multilayer dielectric

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2036 KiB  
Article
Tailoring the Electrical Energy Storage Capability of Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites via Engineering of the Host–Guest Interface by Phosphonic Acids
by Shaojing Wang, Peng Xu, Xiangyi Xu, Da Kang, Jie Chen, Zhe Li and Xingyi Huang
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7225; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217225 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1089
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have attracted broad attention in the area of dielectric and energy storage. However, the electrical and chemical performance mismatch between inorganic nanoparticles and polymer leads to interfacial incompatibility. In this study, phosphonic acid molecules with different functional ligands were introduced to [...] Read more.
Polymer nanocomposites have attracted broad attention in the area of dielectric and energy storage. However, the electrical and chemical performance mismatch between inorganic nanoparticles and polymer leads to interfacial incompatibility. In this study, phosphonic acid molecules with different functional ligands were introduced to the surface of BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles to tune their surface properties and tailor the host–guest interaction between BT and poly(vinylideneflyoride-co-hexafluroro propylene) (P(VDF-HFP)). The dielectric properties and electrical energy storage capability of the nanocomposites were recorded by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and electric displacement measurements, respectively. The influence of the ligand length and polarity on the dielectric properties and electrical energy storage of the nanocomposites was documented. The nanocomposite with 5 vol% 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid (PFBPA)-modified BT had the highest energy density of 12.8 J cm−3 at 400 MV m−1, i.e., a 187% enhancement in the electrical energy storage capability over the pure P(VDF-HFP). This enhancement can be attributed to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the pentafluorobenzyl group of PFBPA, which changed the electronic nature of the polymer–particle interface. On the other hand, PFBPA improves the compatibility of the host–guest interface in the nanocomposites and decreases the electrical mismatch of the interface. These results provide new insights into the design and preparation of high-performance dielectric nanocomposites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers)
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12 pages, 2590 KiB  
Article
Temperature-Resistant Intrinsic High Dielectric Constant Polyimides: More Flexibility of the Dipoles, Larger Permittivity of the Materials
by Weiwen Zheng, Zuhao Li, Kaijin Chen, Siwei Liu, Zhenguo Chi, Jiarui Xu and Yi Zhang
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6337; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196337 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1986
Abstract
High dielectric constant polymers have been widely studied and concerned in modern industry, and the induction of polar groups has been confirmed to be effective for high permittivity. However, the way of connection of polar groups with the polymer backbone and the mechanism [...] Read more.
High dielectric constant polymers have been widely studied and concerned in modern industry, and the induction of polar groups has been confirmed to be effective for high permittivity. However, the way of connection of polar groups with the polymer backbone and the mechanism of their effect on the dielectric properties are unclear and rarely reported. In this study, three polyimides (C0-SPI, C1-SPI, and C2-SPI) with the same rigid backbone and different linking groups to the dipoles were designed and synthesized. With their rigid structure, all of the polyimides show excellent thermal stability. With the increase in the flexibility of linking groups, the dielectric constant of C0-SPI, C1-SPI, and C2-SPI enhanced in turn, showing values of 5.6, 6.0, and 6.5 at 100 Hz, respectively. Further studies have shown that the flexibility of polar groups affected the dipole polarization, which was positively related to the dielectric constant. Based on their high permittivity and high temperature resistance, the polyimides exhibited outstanding energy storage capacity even at 200 °C. This discovery reveals the behavior of the dipoles in polymers, providing an effective strategy for the design of high dielectric constant materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers)
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12 pages, 3219 KiB  
Article
Dielectric Loss and Electrical Conductivity Behaviors of Epoxy Composites Containing Semiconducting ZnO Varistor Particles
by Li Lei, Chaoxin Chen, Haoran Nie, Xudong Wu and Daniel Q. Tan
Molecules 2022, 27(18), 6067; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186067 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Polymer nanodielectrics render a great material platform for exhibiting the intrinsic nature of incorporated particles, particularly semiconducting types, and their interfaces with the polymer matrix. Incorporating the oxide fillers with higher loading percentages (>40 vol%) encounters particular challenges in terms of dispersion, homogeneous [...] Read more.
Polymer nanodielectrics render a great material platform for exhibiting the intrinsic nature of incorporated particles, particularly semiconducting types, and their interfaces with the polymer matrix. Incorporating the oxide fillers with higher loading percentages (>40 vol%) encounters particular challenges in terms of dispersion, homogeneous distribution, and porosity from the process. This work investigated the dielectric loss and electrical conduction behaviors of composites containing semiconducting ZnO varistor particles of various concentrations using the epoxy impregnation method. The ZnO varistor particles increased the dielectric permittivity, loss, and electrical conductivity of the epoxy composites into three different regimes (0–50 vol%, 50–70 vol%, 70–100 vol%), particularly under an electric bias field or at higher temperatures. For lower loading fractions below 50 vol%, the dielectric responses are dominated by the insulating epoxy matrix. When loading fractions are between 50 and 70 vol%, the dielectric and electric responses are mostly associated with the semiconducting interfaces of ZnO varistor particles and ZnO–epoxy. At above 70 vol%, the apparent increase in the dielectric loss and conductivity is primarily associated with the conducting ZnO core forming the interconnected channels of electric conduction. The foam-agent-assisted ZnO varistor particle framework appears to be a better way of fabricating composites of filler loading above 80 vol%. A physical model using an equivalent capacitor, diode, and resistor in the epoxy composites was proposed to explain the different property behaviors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers)
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Review

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19 pages, 5253 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Polymers/Inorganic Nanocomposite Electrical Insulating Materials
by Guang Yu, Yujia Cheng and Zhuohua Duan
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 7867; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227867 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
With the rapid development of power, energy, electronic information, rail transit, and aerospace industries, nanocomposite electrical insulating materials have been begun to be widely used as new materials. Polymer/inorganic nanocomposite dielectric materials possess excellent physical and mechanical properties. In addition, numerous unique properties, [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of power, energy, electronic information, rail transit, and aerospace industries, nanocomposite electrical insulating materials have been begun to be widely used as new materials. Polymer/inorganic nanocomposite dielectric materials possess excellent physical and mechanical properties. In addition, numerous unique properties, such as electricity, thermal, sound, light, and magnetic properties are exhibited by these materials. First, the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, small-size effect, surface effect, and quantum-size effect of nanoparticles are introduced. There are a few anomalous changes in the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, which are caused by these effects. Second, the interaction mechanism between the nanoparticles and polymer matrix is introduced. These include infiltration adsorption theory, chemical bonding, diffusion theory, electrostatic theory, mechanical connection theory, deformation layer theory, and physical adsorption theory. The mechanism of action of the interface on the dielectric properties of the composites is summarized. These are the interface trap effect, interface barrier effect, and homogenization field strength effect. In addition, different interfacial structure models were used to analyze the specific properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials. Finally, the research status of the dielectric properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials in the electrical insulation field is introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dielectric Polymers)
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