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Nanomaterials
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Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials
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Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 15741

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rosa Penna

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Interests: composites and nano-composite materials; experimental investigation of composites materials (FRP); computational mechanics; multiscale numerical modeling and simulation of materials and structures; structural rehabilitation of masonry and reinforced concrete structures with FRP; full FRP composite structures; connections in composites structures; durability of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC); concrete; rubber-like materials; nonlinear mechanics; additive manufacturing; polymer-fiber composites; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luciano Feo

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Interests: composites and nano-composites materials; experimental investigation of composites materials (FRP); computational mechanics; multiscale numerical modelling and simulation of materials and structures; computational design and engineering of innovative sustainable materials and infrastructures; structural rehabilitation of masonry and concrete structures with FRP; full FRP composite structures; connections in composites structures; durability of high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francesco Fabbrocino

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Telematic University Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, 80132 Naples, Italy
Interests: composite materials; masonry structures; numerical modeling; mechanical engineering; bridge engineering; modal analysis; dynamics; civil engineering; materials engineering; experimental characterization; concrete durability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Micro/nanoscale structures, in all their forms, are a new generation of small-scale structures with a wide range of potential applications in several fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience. In order to achieve micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMs) with enhanced functionality, the main structural components more and more often are made of functionally graded (FG) materials. Composites made of FG materials (FGMs) or reinforced through functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) are a novel type of composite materials designed and fabricated in a way that their mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties vary gradually through preferred spatial directions so that problems related to the material discontinuities can be significantly reduced and high permeance requirements ensured. Among these engineering nanostructures, nanobeams have attracted more attention due to their engineering applications such as nano actuators, nano sensors, and atomic force microscope (AFM). Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is another emerging technology that has quickly gained attention in several industrial fields, paving the way for a whole new dimension of opportunities in manufacturing technology.

This Special Issue will be a peer-reviewed forum for the publication of original papers dealing with the most important issues regarding the mechanics of micro and nano structures and materials and their application to the design of innovative materials and structures, as well as capturing scientific advancements in the design and development of sustainable polymer-fiber composites, mainly for building applications, through the use of additive manufacturing or 3D printing technology.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: experimental and computational techniques in nanotechnology and nanoscience; nonlocal elasticity; nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); bending; buckling; nonlinear free vibration; functionally graded (FG) sandwich nanobeams and nanoplates; strain and stress gradient models; concrete; rubber-like materials; nonlinear mechanics; additive manufacturing; polymer-fiber composites; sustainability.

Prof. Dr. Rosa Penna
Prof. Dr. Luciano Feo
Prof. Dr. Francesco Fabbrocino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Experimental and computational techniques in nanotechnology and nanoscience
  • Non Local Elasticity
  • Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
  • Bending
  • Buckling
  • Nonlinear free vibration
  • Functionally graded (FG) sandwich nanobeams and nanoplates
  • strain and stress gradient models
  • concrete, rubber like materials, nonlinear mechanics, Additive manufacturing, polymer-fiber composites, sustainability

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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14 pages, 3392 KiB  
Article
Waves Propagating in Nano-Layered Phononic Crystals with Flexoelectricity, Microstructure, and Micro-Inertia Effects
by Jun Zhu, Puying Hu, Yudan Chen, Shaowei Chen, Chuanzeng Zhang, Yanzheng Wang and Dongying Liu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071080 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2221
Abstract
The miniaturization of electronic devices is an important trend in the development of modern microelectronics information technology. However, when the size of the component or the material is reduced to the micro/nano scale, some size-dependent effects have to be taken into account. In [...] Read more.
The miniaturization of electronic devices is an important trend in the development of modern microelectronics information technology. However, when the size of the component or the material is reduced to the micro/nano scale, some size-dependent effects have to be taken into account. In this paper, the wave propagation in nano phononic crystals is investigated, which may have a potential application in the development of acoustic wave devices in the nanoscale. Based on the electric Gibbs free energy variational principle for nanosized dielectrics, a theoretical framework describing the size-dependent phenomenon was built, and the governing equation as well as the dispersion relation derived; the flexoelectric effect, microstructure, and micro-inertia effects are taken into consideration. To uncover the influence of these three size-dependent effects on the width and midfrequency of the band gaps of the waves propagating in periodically layered structures, some related numerical examples were shown. Comparing the present results with the results obtained with the classical elastic theory, we find that the coupled effects of flexoelectricity, microstructure, and micro-inertia have a significant or even dominant influence on the waves propagating in phononic crystals in the nanoscale. With increase in the size of the phononic crystal, the size effects gradually disappear and the corresponding dispersion curves approach the dispersion curves obtained with the conventional elastic theory, which verify the results obtained in this paper. Thus, when we study the waves propagating in phononic crystals in the micro/nano scale, the flexoelectric, microstructure, and micro-inertia effects should be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials)
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13 pages, 2652 KiB  
Article
Surface Transformation of Spin-on-Carbon Film via Forming Carbon Iron Complex for Remarkably Enhanced Polishing Rate
by Jun-Myeong Lee, Jong-Chan Lee, Seong-In Kim, Seung-Jae Lee, Jae-Yung Bae, Jin-Hyung Park and Jea-Gun Park
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060969 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5326
Abstract
To scale down semiconductor devices to a size less than the design rule of 10 nm, lithography using a carbon polymer hard-mask was applied, e.g., spin-on-carbon (SOC) film. Spin coating of the SOC film produces a high surface topography induced by pattern density, [...] Read more.
To scale down semiconductor devices to a size less than the design rule of 10 nm, lithography using a carbon polymer hard-mask was applied, e.g., spin-on-carbon (SOC) film. Spin coating of the SOC film produces a high surface topography induced by pattern density, requiring chemical–mechanical planarization (CMP) for removing such high surface topography. To achieve a relatively high polishing rate of the SOC film surface, the CMP principally requires a carbon–carbon (C-C) bond breakage on the SOC film surface. A new design of CMP slurry evidently accomplished C-C bond breakage via transformation from a hard surface with strong C-C covalent bonds into a soft surface with a metal carbon complex (i.e., C=Fe=C bonds) during CMP, resulting in a remarkable increase in the rate of the SOC film surface transformation with an increase in ferric catalyst concentration. However, this surface transformation on the SOC film surface resulted in a noticeable increase in the absorption degree (i.e., hydrophilicity) of the SOC film CMP slurry on the polished SOC film surface during CMP. The polishing rate of the SOC film surface decreased notably with increasing ferric catalyst concentration. Therefore, the maximum polishing rate of the SOC film surface (i.e., 272.3 nm/min) could be achieved with a specific ferric catalyst concentration (0.05 wt%), which was around seven times higher than the me-chanical-only CMP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials)
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12 pages, 5644 KiB  
Article
Influence of Concentration Levels of β-Tricalcium Phosphate on the Physical Properties of a Dental Adhesive
by Amal S. Al-Qahtani, Huda I. Tulbah, Mashael Binhasan, Sara Shabib, Khulud A. Al-Aali, Mai M. Alhamdan and Tariq Abduljabbar
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050853 - 3 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Our study assessed the influence of integrating 5% and 10% tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP-Ca3(PO4)2.) nanoparticles into a dental adhesive on the adhesive’s bonding. To evaluate the filler nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform [...] Read more.
Our study assessed the influence of integrating 5% and 10% tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP-Ca3(PO4)2.) nanoparticles into a dental adhesive on the adhesive’s bonding. To evaluate the filler nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used. Shear Bond strength (SBS) testing, degree of conversion (DC) analysis, investigation of the adhesive–dentin interface, and biofilm experiments were conducted. The SEM micrographs revealed non-uniform agglomerates, while the EDX demonstrated the existence of oxygen ‘O’ (24.2%), phosphorus ‘P’ (17.4%) and calcium ‘Ca’ (60.1%) in the β-TCP nanoparticles. The FTIR and micro-Raman spectra indicated characteristic bands for β-TCP containing materials. The 10 wt.% β-TCP adhesive presented the highest SBS values (NTC-10 wt.% β-TCP: 33.55 ± 3.73 MPa, TC-10 wt.% β-TCP: 30.50 ± 3.25 MPa), followed by the 5 wt.% β-TCP adhesive (NTC-5 wt.% β-TCP: 32.37 ± 3.10 MPa, TC-5 wt.% β-TCP: 27.75 ± 3.15 MPa). Most of the detected failures after bond strength testing were adhesive in nature. The β-TCP adhesives demonstrated suitable dentin interaction by forming a hybrid layer (with few or no gaps) and resin tags. The β-TCP adhesives (10 wt.%) revealed lower DC values compared to control. The incorporation of 5 and 10 wt.% concentrations of β-TCP particles resulted in an increase in SBS values. A linear decline in DC values was witnessed when the nanoparticle concentration was increased. Further research focusing on exploring the influence of higher filler concentrations on adhesive’s properties is recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials)
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19 pages, 4624 KiB  
Article
Nanobeams with Internal Discontinuities: A Local/Nonlocal Approach
by Daniela Scorza, Sabrina Vantadori and Raimondo Luciano
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102651 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1564
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to extend the two-phase local/nonlocal stress-driven integral model (SDM) to the case of nanobeams with internal discontinuities: as a matter of fact, the original formulation avoids the presence of any discontinuities. Consequently, here, for the first [...] Read more.
The aim of the present work is to extend the two-phase local/nonlocal stress-driven integral model (SDM) to the case of nanobeams with internal discontinuities: as a matter of fact, the original formulation avoids the presence of any discontinuities. Consequently, here, for the first time, the problem of an internal discontinuity is addressed by using a convex combination of both local and nonlocal phases of the model by introducing a mixture parameter. The novel formulation here proposed was validated by considering six case studies involving different uncracked nanobeams by varying the constrains and the loading configurations, and the effect of nonlocality on the displacement field is discussed. Moreover, a centrally-cracked nanobeam, subjected to concentrated forces at the crack half-length, was studied. The size-dependent Mode I fracture behaviour of the cracked nanobeam was analysed in terms of crack opening displacement, energy release rate, and stress intensity factor, showing the strong dependency of the above fracture properties on both dimensionless characteristic length and mixture parameter values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials)
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16 pages, 3315 KiB  
Article
Hygro-Thermal Vibrations of Porous FG Nano-Beams Based on Local/Nonlocal Stress Gradient Theory of Elasticity
by Rosa Penna, Luciano Feo, Giuseppe Lovisi and Francesco Fabbrocino
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040910 - 2 Apr 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
In this manuscript the dynamic response of porous functionally-graded (FG) Bernoulli–Euler nano-beams subjected to hygro-thermal environments is investigated by the local/nonlocal stress gradient theory of elasticity. In particular, the influence of several parameters on both the thermo-elastic material properties and the structural response [...] Read more.
In this manuscript the dynamic response of porous functionally-graded (FG) Bernoulli–Euler nano-beams subjected to hygro-thermal environments is investigated by the local/nonlocal stress gradient theory of elasticity. In particular, the influence of several parameters on both the thermo-elastic material properties and the structural response of the FG nano-beams, such as material gradient index, porosity volume fraction, nonlocal parameter, gradient length parameter, and mixture parameter is examined. It is shown how the proposed approach is able to capture the dynamic behavior of porous functionally graded Bernoulli–Euler nano-beams under hygro-thermal loads and leads to well-posed structural problems of nano-mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Micro and Nano Structures and Materials)
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