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Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 13834

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Str. 27/29, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
2. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: nutrition and supplementation in sport; experimental and innovative development and evaluation of supplementation and nutrition protocols; ergogenic support in sport; evaluation of physical capacity and discipline-specific performance; exercise metabolism and immunology evaluation; exercise physiology and training support

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sports nutrition and supplementation determine performance, physical fitness, recovery and exercise-induced adaptation capacity, as well as the athlete's nutritional status, well-being and health. These aspects are therefore crucial both in the training of elite athletes and people who practice sport recreationally, regardless of gender and age.

In sports practice, it is often difficult to cover the athlete’s increased need for energy and nutrients through only a standard diet. For this reason, proper supplementation is an important factor supporting the training process. However, of the multitude of supplements available on the market, only a few have an adequate level of evidence-based support to suggest that they have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Therefore, many supplements still require well-controlled research on the mechanisms of action and the final performance effect. Moreover, even well-studied supplements often seem to require further research in order to evaluate personalized and individualized effectiveness across different sports, training periods, and populations.

An additional interesting aspect is investigating the development of new supplementation protocols and their effectiveness and assessing the effects of synergism or antagonism as a result of combining the intake of several different preparations.

For the above reasons, the main purpose of this Special Issue, “Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance”, is to focus on the multidimensional and diverse impact of supplementation in elite and moderately trained athletes, as well as recreationally active people.

Specifically, our aim is to clarify if using certain supplements and the protocols of their supplementation can influence exercise performance and physical fitness and nutritional status.

This new knowledge will provide nutritionists, coaches, athletes, medical doctors and sports professionals with wide, clear and updated evidence on dietary supplements in sport.

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

supplementation
dietary supplements
sports nutrition
sports dietetics
ergogenic aids
ergogenic agents
performance
physical fitness
physical capacity
training support
body composition

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation Enhancement Alone or in Combination with Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Boxers: A Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Study

by Yinkai Zhang, Penglin Diao, Jie Wang, Shiying Li, Qingmin Fan, Yunzhi Han, Yapu Liang, Ziyu Wang and Juan Del Coso

Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020235 - 11 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1805

Abstract

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a physiological phenomenon that refers to an acute excitation of the neuromuscular system following intense exercise that ends in enhanced physical performance in a subsequent bout of exercise. The scientific literature has primarily examined the effectiveness of PAPE alone or combined with caffeine (CAF) intake in all-out tests lasting ≤10 s, as the effect of PAPE is transitory. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a protocol to induce PAPE alone or in combination with caffeine intake on the 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test in highly trained boxers. Twenty-five male and highly trained boxers (mean age: 20 ± 1 years) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover study consisting of three different experimental conditions: (i) control (CON), with no substance intake and no PAPE protocol before the Wingate Anaerobic Test; (ii) PAPE + PLA, involving the intake of a placebo 60 min before and a PAPE protocol comprising a 10 s cycling sprint overloaded with 8.5% of the participants’ body weight 10 min before the Wingate Anaerobic Test; and (iii) PAPE + CAF, involving the intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine 60 min before and the same PAPE protocol used in the (ii) protocol before the Wingate Anaerobic Test. In all conditions, the participants performed the 30 s version of the Wingate Anaerobic Test with a load equivalent to 7.5% of their body weight, while the cycle ergometer setting was replicated. Immediately following the Wingate test, heart rate (HR), the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentration (Bla) were measured. In comparison to CON, PAPE + PLA enhanced mean power (p = 0.024; Effect size [ES] = 0.37) and total work (p = 0.022; ES = 0.38) during the Wingate test, accompanied by an increase in post-test blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01; ES = 0.83). In comparison to CON, PAPE + CAF enhanced mean power (p = 0.001; ES = 0.57), peak power (p = 0.013; ES = 0.57), total work (p = 0.001; ES = 0.53), post-test blood lactate concentration (p < 0.001; ES = 1.43) and participants’ subjective perception of power (p = 0.041). There were no differences in any variable between PAPE + PLA and PAPE + CAF. In summary, a PAPE protocol that involves a 10 s all-out sprint 10 min before the Wingate Anaerobic Test was effective in enhancing Wingate mean power in highly trained boxers. The addition of 3 mg/kg of caffeine to the PAPE protocol produced an effect on mean power of a higher magnitude than PAPE alone, and it enhanced peak power along with participants’ subjective perception of power. From a practical point of view, PAPE before exercise seems to be an effective approach for increasing Wingate performance in highly trained boxers, while the addition of caffeine can increase some benefits, especially peak power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance)

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15 pages, 806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Acute Pre-Workout Supplement Ingestion on Basketball-Specific Performance of Well-Trained Athletes

by Athanasios Douligeris, Spyridon Methenitis, Antonia Lazou, George Panayiotou, Konstantinos Feidantsis, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Yannis Manios, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Constantinos Giaginis and Sousana K. Papadopoulou

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102304 - 14 May 2023

Viewed by 3730

Abstract

A pre-workout supplement’s (PWS; 200 mg caffeine, 3.3 g creatine monohydrate, 3.2 g β-alanine, 6 g citrulline malate and 5 g branched chained amino acid (BCAA) per dose) acute effects on the alactic (jumping, sprinting, agility), lactic (Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test, RAST) and aerobic performance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, Yo-Yo IRL1 VO_2max) of well-trained basketball players was investigated in this double-blind placebo-controlled study. Thirty players (age 18–31 years, height 166–195 cm, weight 70.2–116.7 kg, body fat 10.6–26.4%) were allocated to pre-workout (PWS, n = 15) or placebo (PL, n = 15) groups. Half of the participants in each group performed the evaluations without PWS or PL, while the rest consumed PWS or PL 30 min before the assessments (1st trial) and vice versa (2nd trial). Significant improvements in counter-movement jump (CMJ) (PWS: 4.3 ± 2.1%; PL: 1.2 ± 1.0%), agility (PWS: −2.9 ± 1.8%; PL: 1.8 ± 1.7%), RAST average (PWS: 18.3 ± 9.1%; PL: −2.2 ± 2.0%), minimum power (PWS: 13.7 ± 8.9%; PL: −7.5 ± 5.9%), and fatigue index (PWS: −25.0 ± 0.9%; PL: −4.6 ± 0.6%) were observed in the PWS group vs. the PL group (p < 0.05). No differences were found regarding sprinting, aerobic performance, and blood lactate concentrations. Thus, although players’ alactic and lactic anaerobic performance could be improved, peak power, sprinting and aerobic performance are not. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance)

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17 pages, 2709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Creatine Supplementation after 20 Minutes of Recovery in a Bench Press Exercise Protocol in Moderately Physically Trained Men

by Luis Maicas-Pérez, Juan Hernández-Lougedo, Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar, Blanca Pedauyé-Rueda, Ana María Cañuelo-Márquez, Manuel Barba-Ruiz, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Pablo García-Fernández and José Luis Maté-Muñoz

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030657 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3552

Abstract

Background: The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of creatine supplementation on the performance improvement in a bench pressing (BP) strength test of muscle failure and to evaluate muscle fatigue and metabolic stress 20 min after the exercise. Methods: Fifty young and healthy individuals were randomly assigned to a creatine group (n = 25) or a placebo group (n = 25). Three exercise sessions were carried out, with one week of rest between them. In the first week, a progressive load BP test was performed until the individuals reached the one repetition maximum (1RM) in order to for us obtain the load-to-velocity ratio of each participant. In the second week, the participants conducted a three-set BP exercise protocol against 70% 1RM, where they performed the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) until muscle failure occurred, with two minutes of rest between the sets. After one week, and following a supplementation period of 7 days, where half of the participants consumed 0.3 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ of creatine monohydrate (CR) and the other half consumed 0.3 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ of placebo (PLA, maltodextrin), the protocol from the second week was repeated. After each set, and up to 20 min after finishing the exercise, the blood lactate concentrations and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at 1 m·s⁻¹ were measured. Results: The CR group performed a significantly higher number of repetitions in Set 1 (CR = 14.8 repetitions, PLA = 13.6 repetitions, p = 0.006) and Set 2 (CR = 8 repetitions, PLA = 6.7 repetitions, p = 0.006) after supplementation, whereas no significant differences were seen in Set 3 (CR = 5.3 repetitions, PLA = 4.7 repetitions, p = 0.176). However, there was a significant increase in blood lactate at minute 10 (p = 0.003), minute 15 (p = 0.020), and minute 20 (p = 0.015) after the exercise in the post-supplementation period. Similarly, a significant increase was observed in the MPV at 1 m·s⁻¹ in the CR group with respect to the PLA group at 10, 15, and 20 min after the exercise. Conclusions: Although the creatine supplementation improved the performance in the strength test of muscle failure, the metabolic stress and muscle fatigue values were greater during the 20 min of recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance)

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14 pages, 3428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Inonotus obliquus Extract Supplementation on Endurance Exercise and Energy-Consuming Processes through Lipid Transport in Mice

by Yi-Ming Chen, Wan-Chun Chiu and Yen-Shuo Chiu

Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5007; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235007 - 25 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1900

Abstract

Inonotus obliquus (IO) is used as functional food to treat diabetes. This study investigated the effect of IO supplementation on body composition in relation to changes in energy expenditure and exercise performance. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were divided into four groups [...] Read more.

\times

), 1648 (IO-2

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), and 2472 mg/kg (IO-3

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). IO supplementation increased muscle volume, exhaustive treadmill time, and glycogen storage in mice. Serum free fatty acid levels after acute exercise improved in the IO supplementation group, which exhibited changes in energy expenditure through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. RNA sequencing revealed significantly increased PPAR signaling; phenylalanine, ascorbate, aldarate, and cholesterol metabolism; chemical carcinogenesis; and ergosterol biosynthesis in the IO group compared with the vehicle group. Thus, IO supplements as nutraceuticals have a positive effect on lipid transport and exercise performance. In addition, this study was only IO supplementation without training-related procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance)

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Other

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44 pages, 1270 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Practical Application and Methodological Considerations on the Basics of Sports Nutrition in Basketball: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Observational and Interventional Studies

by Paulina M. Nowaczyk, Jakub Adamczewski and Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4484; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204484 - 23 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1754

Abstract

The current systematic review (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022334707) of observational (OS) and interventional studies (IS) aimed at evaluating the state of scientific knowledge on the basics of sports nutrition, framing discipline-specific dietary recommendations, and indicating potential directions for future studies in various age, experience level, and able-bodied abilities groups of basketball players (BP). A systematic search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science ended on 20 December 2022. Records were excluded if reporting studies on animals, sport disciplines other than basketball, or supplementation protocols other than those related to macronutrients and hydration manipulations. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using Cochrane RoB_2 tools, ‘JBI checklist for prevalence studies’, and ‘Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group’. The relevant data was synthesized in tables and a narrative review was performed. Seventy-two records were included (2581 participants): 63 were on able-bodied BP (2433 participants) and 9 on para-athlete players (148 participants); 45 records were OS and 27 IS. The review disclosed widespread poor nutritional habits and knowledge and shortages in applying adequate nutritional and hydration practices in BP. Moreover, the systematic review revealed the lack of a sufficient number of investigations delivering reliable proof for framing discipline-specific and evidence-based recommendations on the basics of sports nutrition in basketball. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Supplements on the Enhancement of Exercise Performance)

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