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Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 15075

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Prof. Dr. Bibo Ke

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The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Interests: hepatology; infectious diseases; clinical immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Ci Song

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Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
Interests: hepatology; epidemiology; NAFLD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue titled “Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease” is to provide an in-depth exploration of the diet pattern and nutrients in the development and progression of chronic liver disease, as well as in the prevention and treatment of the disease. In recent years, the rising prevalence of obesity has led to an increase in the number of steatohepatitis and cirrhosis cases related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Malnutrition and obesity may worsen the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis and lower their survival. Therefore, providing a better understanding of the effects of the diet pattern and, herein, especially of specific nutrients and compounds in the context of the development of NAFLD and its progression on the basis of epidemiology studies could lead to primary prevention and therapeutic strategies. This Special Issue will thus include original research and scientific perspectives on the relationship between NAFLD and dietary constituents that may 1) be involved in the development of the disease and 2) prevent its onset and progression.

Prof. Dr. Bibo Ke
Dr. Ci Song
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

liver cancer
liver steatosis
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
liver cirrhosis
functional foods
dietary patterns
nutrition
oxidative stress
epidemiology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cirrhosis, and Liver Cancer: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank

by Wen Guo, Xinyuan Ge, Jing Lu, Xin Xu, Jiaxin Gao, Quanrongzi Wang, Ci Song, Qun Zhang and Chengxiao Yu

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5335; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245335 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4595

Abstract

Background and Aims: Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between nutritional habits and liver disease. However, results remain conflicting. This study investigated the influence of dietary factors on the risk of incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Methods: Data from the UK Biobank database were analyzed (n = 372,492). According to baseline data from the food frequency questionnaire, two main dietary patterns (Western and prudent) were identified using principal component analysis. We used cox proportional hazards models to explore the associations of individual food groups and dietary patterns with NAFLD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 12 years, 3527 hospitalized NAFLD, 1643 cirrhosis, and 669 liver cancer cases were recorded among 372,492 participants without prior history of cancer or chronic liver diseases at baseline. In multivariable adjusted analysis, participants in the high tertile of Western dietary pattern score had an 18% (95%CI = 1.09–1.29), 21% (95%CI = 1.07–1.37), and 24% (95%CI = 1.02–1.50) higher risk of incident NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, respectively, compared with the low tertile. Participants in the high tertile of prudent scores had a 15% (95%CI = 0.75–0.96) lower risk of cirrhosis, as compared with those in the low tertile. In addition, the higher consumption of red meat and the lower consumption of fruit, cereal, tea, and dietary fiber were significantly associated with a higher risk of NAFLD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer (p_trend < 0.05). Conclusions: This large prospective cohort study showed that an increased intake of food from the Western dietary pattern could be correlated with an increased risk of chronic liver diseases, while the prudent pattern was only correlated with a reduced liver cirrhosis risk. These data may provide new insights into lifestyle interventions for the prevention of chronical liver diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease)

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14 pages, 1128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Quality and Relationships with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) among United States Adults, Results from NHANES 2017–2018

by Ting Tian, Jingxian Zhang, Wei Xie, Yunlong Ni, Xinyu Fang, Mao Liu, Xianzhen Peng, Jie Wang, Yue Dai and Yonglin Zhou

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4505; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214505 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4803

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new definition for the evidence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunctions. The specific role of the dietary factors in the development and progress of the disease are not well illuminated. Thus, we conducted this study on the associations between dietary quality assessed by five dietary quality indexes (Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII; Mediterranean diet, MED; Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, DASH; Alternate Healthy Eating Index diet, AHEI; Healthy Eating Indices, HEI) and MAFLD phenotypes. This study was extracted from the latest NHANES 2017–2018 wave. Demographic information, health status, lifestyles, and dietary habits were reported in the questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate ordinal logistic regression methods were applied to explore the associations between dietary quality indexes and MAFLD or MAFLD with liver fibrosis. The weighted prevalence of Non-MAFLD, MAFLD without fibrosis, and MAFLD with fibrosis were 47.05%, 36.67%, and 16.28%, respectively, at the cutoff value of a median Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) 248 dB/m and a median Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) 6.3 kPa. When the diagnostic cutoff values of CAP changed to 285 dB/m, the weighted prevalence of Non-MAFLD, MAFLD without liver fibrosis, and MAFLD with fibrosis turned to 64.62%, 22.08%, and 13.30%, respectively. All five dietary quality indexes, including DII, HEI-2015, AHEI, DASH, and MED, were all significantly associated with MAFLD phenotypes. DII was positively associated with MAFLD phenotypes, while other four dietary quality indexes, including HEI-2015, AHEI, DASH, and MED, were significantly associated with lower risk of MAFLD phenotypes. MAFLD is becoming a threatening public health concern among adult Americans and dietary quality is markedly associated with MAFLD phenotypes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease)

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11 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Higher Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Score Is Associated with Lower Odds of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

by Yu Zhu, Hu Yang, Shaoxian Liang, Honghua Zhang, Yufeng Mo, Songxian Rao, Yaozong Zhang, Zhuang Zhang, Weiqiang Wang and Wanshui Yang

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4462; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214462 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2054

Abstract

Growing evidence supports that individual lifestyle factors contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without considering the coexistence and synergistic effect of lifestyle factors. Our aim is to derive a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and estimate its association with NAFLD. In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we derived a five-item HLS including dietary pattern, body mass index, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and sleep duration. NAFLD and clinically significant fibrosis (CSF) were assessed based on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Liver function parameters were also tested. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions were applied to investigate the association between HLS and liver diseases. Of the 3893 participants with VCTE examination, approximately 14.1% of participants possessed zero or one healthy lifestyle, 62.5% possessed two or three healthy lifestyles, and 23.4% possessed four or five healthy lifestyles. Compared with participants with a low HLS (0–1 score), the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for those with a high HLS (4–5 score) were 0.25 (0.19~0.33, P_trend < 0.001) for NAFLD and 0.30 (0.18~0.50, P_trend < 0.001) for CSF. HLS was positively associated with albumin, total protein, and total bilirubin (all P_trend ≤ 0.001), and was inversely associated with globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transaminase (all P_trend ≤ 0.003). Higher adherence to HLS is associated with lower odds of NAFLD and CSF and may improve liver function. Strategies for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be considered as part of NAFLD prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease)

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15 pages, 1506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Additive Values of the Classification of Higher Serum Uric Acid Levels as a Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

by Jie He, Junzhao Ye, Yanhong Sun, Shiting Feng, Youpeng Chen and Bihui Zhong

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3587; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173587 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2744

Abstract

Serum uric acid (SUA) is regarded as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of SUA in the new diagnosis flowchart of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive individuals with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging–based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) measurements in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2021. All patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline SUA levels and sex. Of the 3537 ultrasound-diagnosed and 1017 MRI-PDFF-diagnosed MAFLD patients included, the prevalence of severe steatosis determined with ultrasound or MRI-PDFF increased across the serum SUA quartiles. The SUA cutoffs were identified as ≥478 µmol/L and ≥423.5 µmol/L for severe steatosis in male and female MAFLD, respectively. Furthermore, using these cutoff values, patients with higher SUA levels in the NAFLD–non-MAFLD group had higher liver fat contents than those without (16.0% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001). The lean/normal-weight NAFLD–non-MAFLD patients with higher SUA levels are still at high risk of severe steatosis. This study supports the rationale for SUA being established as another risk factor for metabolic dysfunctions in lean/normal-weight MAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiologic Study of Diet, Nutrition and the Risk of Liver Disease)

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