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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors
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Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 October 2023) | Viewed by 11522

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cindy Blair

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
2. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Interests: cancer survivors; physical activity; sedentary behavior; successful aging; home-based interventions
Dr. Carmina G. Valle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
2. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Interests: cancer survivors; physical activity; weight management; nutrition; eHealth/mHealth; digital interventions; young adults

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to improvements in early detection and treatment, there were an estimated 44.1 million cancer survivors worldwide in 2020. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle has been recommended to improve health and wellbeing and to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes in this large and rapidly growing population. Evidence-based guidelines encourage cancer survivors to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle through weight management, eating a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and limiting alcohol consumption. While a cancer diagnosis can lead patients to reconsider their lifestyle behaviors, a large proportion of cancer survivors do not meet the recommendations for a healthy lifestyle. Interventions have been and continue to be designed and tested to improve one or more lifestyle behaviors in cancer survivors. 

For this Special Issue, we are seeking high-quality manuscripts about lifestyle interventions for cancer survivors focused on improving nutrition and/or physical activity, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, or reducing use of alcohol.

Dr. Cindy Blair
Dr. Carmina G. Valle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • diet
  • physical activity
  • exercise
  • sedentary behavior
  • weight gain prevention
  • weight loss
  • alcohol use
  • cancer survivors
  • interventions

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 752 KiB  
Article
Application of the Updated WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Score as an Outcome for Cancer Survivors Participating in a Tailored and Intensive Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention
by Emily B. Hill, Elizabeth M. Grainger, Gregory S. Young, Steven K. Clinton and Colleen K. Spees
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4751; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224751 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has defined evidence-based guidelines for cancer prevention. These recommendations have been operationalized into a quantitative index for individual assessment. Survivors of cancer are increasingly desiring guidance for diet and lifestyle, and in the [...] Read more.
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has defined evidence-based guidelines for cancer prevention. These recommendations have been operationalized into a quantitative index for individual assessment. Survivors of cancer are increasingly desiring guidance for diet and lifestyle, and in the absence of research in survivors, are often instructed to follow cancer prevention and public health guidelines. In this study, we examine the utility of the quantitative updated WCRF/AICR scoring criteria to assess change among cancer survivors with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) following an intensive behavioral intervention. We applied the WCRF/AICR scoring criteria (range 0–7) to examine changes over the duration of the study by paired t-tests. Two cancer survivor cohorts with OW/OB (n = 91) completed a six-month phase II clinical trial designed to improve dietary and physical activity patterns. At enrollment and post-intervention, participants completed assessments including anthropometrics, food frequency questionnaires, and objective evaluation of physical activity. Participants improved adherence to all scored recommendations, with a significant increase in mean score from enrollment (3.22 ± 1.06) to post-intervention (4.28 ± 1.04) (p < 0.001). Mean BMI and waist circumference improved (both p < 0.001). The greatest improvements were noted for fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes (+39%, p < 0.001); the greatest decreases were observed for processed meat consumption (−70%, p < 0.001). The updated WCRF/AICR Score can be applied to cancer survivor intervention studies and provides a tool to compare trials in regard to the baseline status of populations enrolled and the success of the intervention. Future interventions incorporating standardized assessments will help guide effective strategies to improve the health and quality of life for cancer survivors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors)
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Review

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24 pages, 381 KiB  
Review
Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Prehabilitation in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Cancers: A Narrative Review
by Cami N. Christopher, Dong-Woo Kang, Rebekah L. Wilson, Paola Gonzalo-Encabo, Salvatore Ficarra, Diane Heislein and Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5044; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245044 - 8 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2216
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute over 25% of global cancer cases annually, with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers presenting particularly poor prognosis and challenging surgical treatments. While advancements in clinical care have improved post-operative outcomes over time, surgery for HPB cancers remains associated with high morbidity [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute over 25% of global cancer cases annually, with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers presenting particularly poor prognosis and challenging surgical treatments. While advancements in clinical care have improved post-operative outcomes over time, surgery for HPB cancers remains associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with HPB cancer are often older, diagnosed at later stages, and have a higher prevalence of co-morbid conditions, leading to reduced life expectancy, suboptimal post-operative recovery, and increased recurrence risk. Exercise and nutrition interventions have emerged as safe non-pharmacological strategies to enhance clinical outcomes among cancer survivors, but their potential in the pre-operative period for patients with HPB cancer remains underexplored. This narrative review evaluates existing evidence on exercise and nutritional interventions during pre-operative prehabilitation for HPB cancer populations, focusing on clinically relevant post-operative outcomes related to frailty and malnutrition. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies utilizing a prehabilitation intervention in HPB cancer populations with exercise and nutritional components. The currently available evidence suggests that incorporating exercise and nutrition into prehabilitation programs offers a critical opportunity to enhance post-operative outcomes, mitigate the risk of comorbidities, and support overall survivorship among HPB cancer populations. This review underscores the need for further research to optimize the timing, duration, and components of pre-operative prehabilitation programs, emphasizing patient-centered, multidisciplinary approaches in this evolving field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors)
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37 pages, 1347 KiB  
Review
A Scoping Review to Explore the Potential Benefits of Nutrition Interventions for Latino/a Adult Cancer Survivors in the US
by Cassandra M. Johnson, Emily Stubblefield, Brandon M. Godinich, Miranda Walker, Ramona Salcedo Price and Marlyn A. Allicock
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4963; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234963 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 2372
Abstract
Despite evidence for the role of healthy diets in preventing cancer, little is known about how nutrition can support positive health outcomes after a cancer diagnosis for Latino/a cancer survivors in the United States (U.S.). The purpose of this scoping review is to [...] Read more.
Despite evidence for the role of healthy diets in preventing cancer, little is known about how nutrition can support positive health outcomes after a cancer diagnosis for Latino/a cancer survivors in the United States (U.S.). The purpose of this scoping review is to understand the potential benefits of nutrition interventions in supporting healthy survivorship among Latino/a cancer survivors in the U.S. A team compiled, evaluated, and summarized the available evidence. Potentially relevant studies were identified from a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases and the gray literature. Eligible studies included Latino/a adult cancer survivors with a nutrition education, dietary change, or behavioral intervention; and a nutrition-related health outcome. Data were extracted and summarized using tables. The review included 10 randomized controlled trials, with samples or subsamples of Latino/a cancer survivors. Interventions mostly focused on breast cancer survivors. The results showed some evidence that dietary behaviors, like fruit and vegetable intake, were related to positive outcomes, like a decreased risk of cancer (through changes in DNA methylation), decreased risk breast cancer recurrence (through changes in inflammatory biomarkers), or improved perception of health status. The findings highlight a need for community-engaged and culturally relevant nutrition interventions for Latino/a adults, especially for rural communities; and innovative intervention approaches, including m/ehealth approaches with long-term follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors)
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Other

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25 pages, 1207 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of Dietary Interventions for Cancer Survivors and Their Families or Caregivers
by Jingle Xu, Rebecca L. Hoover, Nathaniel Woodard, Jennifer Leeman and Rachel Hirschey
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010056 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1381
Abstract
Family or caregiver engagement has the potential to support healthy dietary changes among cancer survivors. However, little is known about these family- or caregiver-involved dietary interventions and their effects. This systematic review aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in dietary [...] Read more.
Family or caregiver engagement has the potential to support healthy dietary changes among cancer survivors. However, little is known about these family- or caregiver-involved dietary interventions and their effects. This systematic review aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in dietary interventions for cancer survivors and their families or caregivers and to synthesize intervention effects on dietary and health outcomes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted systematic searches in three databases and identified 12 trials (16 peer-reviewed manuscripts) for inclusion in this review. Data were extracted from these manuscripts and the BCT taxonomy was used to identify the BCTs. A total of 38 BCTs were identified from 12 trials, 13 of which were used in at least half of the 12 trials. Ten studies reported significant intervention effects on health outcomes (e.g., adiposity) and six suggested significant improvements in dietary behaviors (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake). Overall, this review found that family- or caregiver-involved interventions for cancer survivors significantly improved dietary and health outcomes. Future research should identify BCTs particularly for dietary changes and develop effective dyadic strategies to facilitate diet-related interactions between survivors and their families or caregivers to enhance their engagement in healthy diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors)
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19 pages, 680 KiB  
Systematic Review
Association between Dietary Indices and Dietary Patterns and Mortality and Cancer Recurrence among Cancer Survivors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
by Angela Trauchburg, Lukas Schwingshackl and Georg Hoffmann
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3151; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143151 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2686
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly; however, specific lifestyle recommendations for these patients are still sparse, including dietary approaches. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the associations between adherence to diet-quality indices and dietary [...] Read more.
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly; however, specific lifestyle recommendations for these patients are still sparse, including dietary approaches. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the associations between adherence to diet-quality indices and dietary patterns on overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science between 18 May 2016 and 22 May 2022 with no language restrictions. Thirty-nine studies were included for quantitative analysis, providing data from 77,412 participants. Adherence to both diet-quality indices and a healthy/prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with overall mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77–0.86; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70–0.92, respectively) and with cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79–0.94; RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.97, respectively). These associations could be observed following assessment of dietary patterns either pre- and/or postdiagnosis. For unhealthy/western dietary patterns, high adherence was associated with overall mortality (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.47). Although the certainty of evidence was rated as low, we conclude that there are no reservations against high adherence to healthy dietary patterns or indices in cancer survivors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions for Cancer Survivors)
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