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Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and...
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Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 13492

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Toshihiko Yada

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 2N12(2N18), Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
2. Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
3. Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
Interests: feeding center; gut hormone; obesity; anorexia; frailty; rare sugar; Japanese kampo medicine; diet; diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are serious worldwide health problems, and major risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebral diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer. In addition, in modern societies, subjects with sarcopenia and/or frailty are rapidly increasing. All these diseases largely influence aging and life span. However, few effective and safe medicines are available to treat obesity, sarcopenia and/or frailty. Since these are lifestyle-related diseases with a complex range of symptoms, managing these diseases with diets and herbal medicines (oriental medicines) is a promising route of intervention.

Obesity, frailty, type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia are caused and/or influenced by the imbalance of energy intake and expenditure, in which the dysregulation of feeding behavior plays a key role. In this Special Issue, we welcome manuscripts that aim to clarify dysregulated metabolism and feeding behavior in obesity, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia, frailty and aging, and that explore how diets and oriental medicines, as well as Western medicines, prevent and/or treat these diseases. Studies elucidating mechanisms at the molecule/cell to inter-organ/systemic levels and those using modern treatments, including metabolic surgery, are encouraged. We welcome both original research and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Toshihiko Yada
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet
  • oriental medicine
  • rare sugar
  • energy metabolism
  • feeding behavior
  • obesity
  • type 2 diabetes
  • frailty
  • sarcopenia
  • aging
  • gut–brain interaction
  • metabolic surgery
  • circadian rhythm

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1432 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Central Administration of the Novel Peptide, LEAP-2, in Different Food Intake Models in Conscious Rats
by Chia-En Lin and Chih-Yen Chen
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121946 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1030
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) has mutual antagonism with ghrelin, which evokes food intake under a freely fed state. Nevertheless, the impact of LEAP-2 on ghrelin under time-restricted feeding (TRF), which has benefits in the context of metabolic disease, is still unknown. This study [...] Read more.
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) has mutual antagonism with ghrelin, which evokes food intake under a freely fed state. Nevertheless, the impact of LEAP-2 on ghrelin under time-restricted feeding (TRF), which has benefits in the context of metabolic disease, is still unknown. This study aims to explore the impact of central administration of LEAP-2 on the ingestion behavior of rats, which was evaluated using their cumulative food intake in the TRF state. Before intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of O-n-octanoylated ghrelin (0.1 nmol/rat), as a food-stimulatory model, the rats received various doses of LEAP-2 (0.3, 1, 3 nmol/rat, ICV). Cumulative food intake was recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after ICV injection under 12 h freely fed and TRF states in a light phase. In 12 h freely fed and TRF states, central administration of ghrelin alone induced feeding behavior. Pre-treatment with LEAP-2 (1 and 3 nmol/rat, ICV) suppressed ghrelin-induced food intake in a dose-dependent manner in a 12 h freely fed state instead of a TRF state, which may have disturbed the balance of ghrelin and LEAP-2. This study provides neuroendocrine-based evidence that may explain why TRF sometimes fails in fighting obesity/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines)
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19 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Effects of Prolonged Medical Fasting during an Inpatient, Multimodal, Nature-Based Treatment on Pain, Physical Function, and Psychometric Parameters in Patients with Fibromyalgia: An Observational Study
by Daniela A. Koppold, Farid I. Kandil, Anna Müller, Oliver Güttler, Nico Steckhan, Sara Meiss, Carolin Breinlinger, Esther Nelle, Anika Rajput Khokhar, Michael Jeitler, Etienne Hanslian, Jan Moritz Fischer, Andreas Michalsen and Christian S. Kessler
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071059 - 4 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2611
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common chronic pain disorder and often occurs as a concomitant disease in rheumatological diseases. Managing FMS takes a complex approach and often involves various non-pharmacological therapies. Fasting interventions have not been in the focus of research until recently, [...] Read more.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common chronic pain disorder and often occurs as a concomitant disease in rheumatological diseases. Managing FMS takes a complex approach and often involves various non-pharmacological therapies. Fasting interventions have not been in the focus of research until recently, but preliminary data have shown effects on short- and medium-term pain as well as on physical and psychosomatic outcomes in different chronic pain disorders. This single-arm observational study investigated the effects of prolonged fasting (3–12 days, <600 kcal/d) embedded in a multimodal treatment setting on inpatients with FMS. Patients who were treated at the Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies of the Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Germany, between 02/2018 and 12/2020 answered questionnaires at hospital admission (V0) and discharge (V1), and then again three (V2), six (V3), and 12 (V4) months later. Selected routine blood and anthropometric parameters were also assessed during the inpatient stay. A total of 176 patients with FMS were included in the study. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) total score dropped by 13.7 ± 13.9 (p < 0.001) by V1, suggesting an improvement in subjective disease impact. Pain (NRS: reduction by 1.1 ± 2.5 in V1, p < 0.001) and quality of life (WHO-5: +4.9 ± 12.3 in V1, p < 0.001) improved, with a sustainable effect across follow-up visits. In contrast, mindfulness (MAAS: +0.3 ± 0.7 in V1, p < 0.001), anxiety (HADS-A: reduction by 2.9 ± 3.5 in V1, p < 0.0001), and depression (HADS-D: reduction by 2.7 ± 3.0 in V1, p < 0.0001) improved during inpatient treatment, without longer-lasting effects thereafter. During the study period, no serious adverse events were reported. The results suggest that patients with FMS can profit from a prolonged therapeutic fasting intervention integrated into a complex multimodal inpatient treatment in terms of quality of life, pain, and disease-specific functional parameters. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03785197. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines)
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10 pages, 1348 KiB  
Article
Oral Semaglutide under Human Protocols and Doses Regulates Food Intake, Body Weight, and Glycemia in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
by Yermek Rakhat, Lei Wang, Wanxin Han, Aktolkyn Rustemova, Nazymgul Kulzhanova, Yuichiro Yamada, Daisuke Yabe, Yutaka Seino and Toshihiko Yada
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3765; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173765 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4632
Abstract
The first oral form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide, has recently been launched and potently controls glycemia and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This drug carries the absorption enhancer and requires specific protocols of administration. The mechanism [...] Read more.
The first oral form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide, has recently been launched and potently controls glycemia and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This drug carries the absorption enhancer and requires specific protocols of administration. The mechanism of action of oral semaglutide is not fully understood, for which an appropriate experimental model is required. This study explores the metabolic effects of oral semaglutide in mice under human protocols and doses. Oral semaglutide was bolus and once daily injected into high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice under human protocols, followed by monitoring blood glucose, food intake, and body weight. Oral semaglutide 0.23 mg/kg, a comparable human dose (14 mg) in a small volume of water under human protocols rapidly decreased blood glucose and food intake and continuously reduced food intake and weight gain for 3 days in DIO mice. At 0.7 mg/kg (42 mg), this drug was somewhat more potent. Oral semaglutide with human protocols and doses rapidly reduces blood glucose and food intake and continuously suppresses feeding and weight in DIO mice. This study establishes mice as a model suitable for analyzing the mechanism of anti-obesity/diabetes actions of oral semaglutide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines)
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15 pages, 1139 KiB  
Article
Rosmarinic Acid Improves Cognitive Abilities and Glucose Metabolism in Aged C57Bl/6N Mice While Disrupting Lipid Profile in Young Adults in a Sex-Dependent Fashion
by Chiara Musillo, Letizia Giona, Michael Ristow, Kim Zarse, Karsten Siems, Alessia Di Francesco, Barbara Collacchi, Carla Raggi, Francesca Cirulli and Alessandra Berry
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3366; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153366 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that regular consumption of natural products might promote healthy aging; however, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol holding anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
A growing body of evidence suggests that regular consumption of natural products might promote healthy aging; however, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol holding anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to characterise the efficacy of an oral administration of RA in promoting healthspan in a mouse model of physiological aging. Aged C57Bl/6 male and female (24-month-old) mice were either administered with RA (500 mg/Kg) or a vehicle in drinking bottles for 52 days while 3-month-old mice receiving the same treatment were used as controls. All subjects were assessed for cognitive abilities in the Morris water maze (MWM) and for emotionality in the elevated-plus maze test (EPM). Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein levels were evaluated in the hippocampus. Since the interaction between metabolic signals and cerebral functions plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of cognitive decline, the glycaemic and lipid profiles of the mice were also assessed. RA enhanced learning and memory in 24-month-old mice, an effect that was associated to improved glucose homeostasis. By contrast, the lipid profile was disrupted in young adults. This effect was associated with worse glycaemic control in males and with reduced BDNF levels in females, suggesting powerful sex-dependent effects and raising a note of caution for RA administration in young healthy adult subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines)
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Review

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13 pages, 726 KiB  
Review
A Herbal Prescription of Insamyangyeongtang as a Therapeutic Agent for Frailty in Elderly: A Narrative Review
by Han-Gyul Lee, Ichiro Arai and Seungwon Kwon
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050721 - 1 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2378
Abstract
Frailty is a major geriatric syndrome with a multifactorial etiology that induces a decline in multiple physiological and psychological functions. In traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM), qi and blood deficiency clinically represent as fatigue, anemia, anorexia, decreased strength after illness, and weakness, commonly [...] Read more.
Frailty is a major geriatric syndrome with a multifactorial etiology that induces a decline in multiple physiological and psychological functions. In traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM), qi and blood deficiency clinically represent as fatigue, anemia, anorexia, decreased strength after illness, and weakness, commonly interpretated as frailty. An herbal prescription of Insamyangyeongtang (IYT, Ninjin’yoeito in Japanese, Ren-Shen-Yang-Rong-Tang in Chinese) tonifies qi and blood and has the potential to treat multiple targets caused by qi and blood deficiency. As the population ages and frailty increases, there is an increase in the potential effectiveness of IYT in frailty. This study reviewed relevant clinical trials to provide an updated view on the effect of IYT on frailty. IYT has therapeutic effects on frailty associated with chronic respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and cognitive impairments (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) and improves respiratory symptoms and cognition. IYT also has therapeutic effects on weight gain, muscle mass, and strength, and improves nutritional status in frail elderly individuals who have decreased muscle mass and strength, loss of appetite, and weight loss. The same effect has been shown in frailty in elderly individuals with rehabilitation treatment and chronic diseases. IYT also improves frailty associated with symptoms such as intractable dizziness and genitourinary symptoms. The beneficial effects of IYT in several diseases could be important for medication replacement, reduction, and prevention of polypharmacy. Based on the results of this review, we suggest that IYT has the potential to be a therapeutic agent against frailty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Feeding, Metabolism and Aging by Diets, Oriental and Western Medicines)
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